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• Transistor


  Microscopic switch that controls the flow of electricity depending on whether the switch is on or off
• A transistor contains binary information: a one if a current passes through and a zero if a current does not pass through
• Transistors are located on a very thin slice of silicon
• A single silicon chip can contain thousands of transistors
• A single CPU contains a large number of chips
• Combined, the chips in a CPU only cover a couple of square centimetres, but can hold several million transistors and process hundreds of millions of instructions per second
• CPU architecture


  The design of a Microprocessor, an integrated circuit, where the components of the CPU are combined as a single unit
• Von Neumann architecture


  The idea of storing the program instructions in the same memory as the data, resulting in computers that could be more easily re-programmed
• The idea of a stored program is the basis for the fetch-decode-execute cycle (FDEC), fundamental to modern computer processing
• Components of the CPU

  • Controller
  • Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
  • Registers
  • Internal memory
• The CPU is the main component in a computer for processing data and instructions
• The CPU could be considered as the computing equivalent of the human brain
• The CPU is a hardware device that is made up of many subcomponents
• All the components of the CPU have their own specific function