Sugars

• Hydrolysis


  A chemical reaction that breaks down a compound by adding water
• Monomers


  The smaller units from which larger molecules are made
• Condensation reaction


  Monomers join together to form a larger molecule, with the release of a small molecule (usually water)
• Carbohydrates are composed of the elements C, H and O
• Monosaccharides


  • Glucose
  • Fructose
  • Galactose
• Glucose


  A hexose sugar, a monosaccharide with six carbon atoms in each molecule
• Glucose


  • There are two types, alpha (α) and beta (β) glucose, which are isomers
• You need to learn the structures of both types of glucose for your exams
• Disaccharide


  A sugar molecule formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides
• Disaccharide formation


  Two monosaccharides join together by a condensation reaction, forming a glycosidic bond and releasing a water molecule