Carbohydrates

• Biomolecule


  Molecule produced by living organisms that is essential to one or more typical biological processes, such as cell division, respiration, or for living organisms to develop
• Biomolecules


  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Nucleic Acids
• Carbohydrates


  Among the biomolecules, they are thought to be the most abundant and are excellent providers of energy. They include both simple and complex sugars.
• Simple carbohydrates


  • Digested quickly and send immediate bursts of glucose (energy) into the bloodstream
• Complex carbohydrates


  • Digested more slowly and supply a slower release of glucose into the bloodstream
• Simple carbohydrates


  • cake
  • soda
  • cookies
  • fries
  • juice
• Function of carbohydrates


  Act as an energy source which makes our brains function well and helps our muscles in working properly. They help control the blood glucose and the insulin metabolism. They take part in cholesterol and assist with fermentation or the process of breaking down into simpler substances.
• Types of carbohydrates


  • Monosaccharides
  • Disaccharides
  • Polysaccharides
• Monosaccharides


  Also called SIMPLE SUGARS because they are MONOMERS or the single structural units. They can also be classified as ALDOSES and KETOSES.
• Aldoses


  • Characterized by the presence of aldehyde, usually at the terminal, or the first carbon atom.

  
• Ketoses


  • Characterized by having a carbonyl group, or a KETONE, which is usually located at the second carbon atom of the molecule.

  
• Monosaccharides


  • Glucose
  • Fructose
• Disaccharides


  A type of carbohydrates that is composed of two monosaccharide units joined together by a GLYCOSIDIC BOND. They are formed when two monosaccharides undergo a CONDENSATION REACTION, where DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS takes place, resulting in the formation of the glycosidic bond between the two sugar molecules.
• Disaccharides


  • Sucrose
  • Lactose
• Polysaccharides


  Types of carbohydrates that are formed by long chains of repeating monosaccharides units, who are also linked together through GLYCOSIDIC BONDS. A polysaccharide's molecular structure can either be LINEAR or BRANCHED.
• Linear polysaccharide


  • Forms a rigid structure and is insoluble in water.
• Branched polysaccharide


  • Soluble in water.
• Polysaccharides


  • Amylose
  • Cellulose
  • Amylopectin
• Homopolysaccharides


  Polysaccharides that are composed of only one type of sugar monomer or monosaccharides.
• Heteropolysaccharides


  Polysaccharides that consist of different monosaccharides.
• Starch


  The main source of carbohydrates in humans, their main distinction is that they are a polysaccharides with molecular bonds between the sugars that humans can digest and break down. Even though they are made of sugars, they do not taste sweet.
• Starches


  • rice
  • potatoes
  • corn
  • wheat
• Dietary fibers


  Polysaccharides whose molecular bonds cannot be easily broken down and digested. They pass through the body and end up as bulk matter. They are very important, because they slow down the absorption rate of sugars like glucose in the body, which maintains healthy blood sugar levels.
• Biomolecule


  is a term used for molecules produced by living organisms that are essential to one or more typical biological processes, such as cell division, respiration, or for living organisms to develop
• Carbohydrates


  the most abundant and are excellent providers of energy among the biomolecules
• Carbohydrates


  include both simple and complex sugars
• Simple carbohydrates


  are digested quickly and send immediate bursts of glucose (energy) into the bloodstream (ex., cake, soda, cookies, fries, juice)
• Complex carbohydrates


  are digested more slowly and supply a slower release of glucose into the bloodstream (ex., whole grain bread, oats, rice, banana, beans)
• Carbohydrates


  it acts as an energy source which makes our brains function well and helps our muscles in working properly
• Carbohydrates


  help control the blood glucose and the insulin metabolism
• Carbohydrates


  take part in cholesterol and assist with fermentation or the process of breaking down into simpler substances
• 1. They help in preventing diseases

  2. Provides fiber to the body which is vital for regular functioning of the bowel

  3. Prevents from blood clots

  4. They are useful in controlling weight

  5. They contain a plant fiber which is known to decrease the possibility of getting cancer

  6. It is the best nutrient for athletes which can improve the stamina and agility, and can help perform well

  Benefits of Carbohydrates:
• 1. Monosaccharides

  2. Disaccharides

  3. Polysaccharides


  Types of Carbohydrates:
• Monosaccharides


  are also called simple sugars because they are monomers or the single structural units (ex., glucose, fructose)
• Monosaccharides


  can also be classified as aldoses and ketoses, and according to the number of carbon atoms it has
• Aldoses


  are characterized by the presence of aldehyde, usually at the terminal, or the first carbon atom
• Ketoses


  are characterized by having a carbonyl group, or a ketone
• Ketone


  is usually located at the second carbon atom of the molecule
• Dioses


  are monosaccharides with two carbon atoms
• Trioses


  are monosaccharides with three carbon atoms