LIVING THINGS: REPRODUCTION AND NUTRITION

• an organizm combines genetic information and produce different offspring

  sexual reproduction
• asexual reproduction occurs when an individual produces offspring by itself or with another member of its own species.
• a new plant is developed from an outgrowth known as the bud

  budding
• new plants are produced from the vegetative parts of plants


  vegetative propagation
• breaking of organism into parts and the growth of a separate individual from each part

  fragmentation
• surrounded by a hard productive cover to withstand unfavorable conditions such as high temp and low humidity

  spore formation
• also binary fission. organisms split into two

  fission
• progressive changes in size, shape, and function during the life of an organism. genotype is translated into phenotype.

  development
• substances needed to build all of the molecules required to sustain life

  nutrition
• organism makes its own food from simple raw materials

  autotrophic nutrition
• obtain food from others

  heterotrophic nutrition
• • component of chlorophyl, activation of enzymes
  • chlorosis, drooping leaves

  magnesium
• • needed by plants for protein and nucleic acids production and chlorophyll
  • chlorosis of lower leaves, stunted slow growth, necrosis in older leaves

  nitrogen
• • component of adp and atp and several enzymes
  • turn dark green (both leave and stem), appear stunted

  phosphorus
• • role in shoot and growth, photosynthesis
  • interveinal chlorosis, leaf margins yellow, reddish-purple, midrib green
  • not common

  magnesium
• • stunted growth, chlorosis, pale leaves scorched, thick, eventually wither and midrib remains
  • needed for enzyme activity in the plant and for nitrogen fixation (legumes plant)

  molybdenum
• • most important source of nitrogen-fixing bacteria
  • NH3 resulting from fixation can be transported into plant tissue and incorporated into amino acids


  symbiosis of plants and soil microbes
• • common in some vascular plants

  symbiosis of plants and fungi
• serves as an extension of the root system. responsible for the enhancement of phosphorus and transfer of zinc and copper

  fungi
• parasitic plant depends on its host for survival. some have no leaves

  parasitism
• an insectivorous plant has specialized leaves to attract and digest insects

  predation
• animals that live in or their food source

  substrate-feeders
• include many aquatic animals that feed on food particles or strained organisms from water

  filter-feeders
• sucks fluids containing nutrients from a living host

  fluid-feeders
• large chunks of foods, and have jaws, teeth, tentacles

  bulk-feeders