Geography - End Of Year Assessment

• The scale of a map helps you to work out the distance in reality between one place and another.
• The scale on a map lets people see the size of it in real life.

  When a map has a 1:25,000 scale, 1cm on the map equals 250 metres in real life.
• London South OS maps

  are : Scale 1:25000

  4cm=1km

  1 square = 1km
• We travel distance across a road by using the journey the crow flies
• Place one end of the string on the starting point and then carefully move the string along your route, ensuring you stick to the shape of the roads.

  Place the string along the scale on the map. to measure distance on a map.
• Ordnance Survey  (OS) – national mapping agency of the UK, started off as a military service now used by many different peopl
• Campsite

  
• place of worship with a spire

  
• deciduous forest

  
• marsh

  
• view point

  
• Main Road

  
• Bus Station

  
• Train Station

  
• A place of worship with tower has a square at the bottom

  
• A place of worship with a spire has a circle below

  
• Conferious(evergreen) trees

  
• Non-coniferous (deciduous) trees

  
• To find a grid reference you need to :

  Go to the right (along the Corridor) towards the East

  Make sure you then note down the number at the beginning of the square

  Then you have to move upwards (Up the stairs) Towards the North

  There are no Commas or Brackets in Geography. :)
• Finding a grid reference

  To find the number 0431, first place your finger on the 04 line.

  Place a second finger on the 31 line.

  Draw your fingers together along the lines.

  The square you are looking for is to thenorth-eastof where the lines cross.
• relief (the height and shape of the land)
• 1.  Colour shading

  
• 2.  Spot heights or triangulation pillars 

  
• 3. Contours 

  
• Layer Colouring : Areas of different heights are shown using different colours. In this example , The brown shows the highest points! :)

  
• Contours : Brown lines drawn on a map which join up points that are the same height. The contours usually have a number attached to them – this is the height above sea-level.
• Spot heights:

  The exact height is above the ground is measured & written onto a map.
• A steep slope has contours that are close togethor.
• A gentle slope has contour lines that are further apart.
• The lines are shown every 10m in contour graphs
• Closer the contour lines steeper the slope
• Valleys have contour lines drawn in v - shape. The arrow of the V points up the valley
• Round cone - shaped hill has circular contours and the highest one is usually at the centre.
• This pattern indicates a river valley

  
• To describe a Cross - Section , you will need to use the following vocabulary :

  Steep/gentle

  increase/decrease

  incline/decline

  uphill/downhill

  high/low

  Metres above sea level
• A geographic information system (GIS) is a system that creates, manages, analyzes, and maps all types of data. GIS connects data to a map, integrating location data (where things are) with all types of descriptive information (what things are like there). This provides a foundation for mapping and analysis that is used in science and almost every industry. GIS helps users understand patterns, relationships, and geographic context. 

  Google Maps, Google Earth, Story Maps are all examples of GIS
• Colonialism – type of government where a geographic area is ruled by a foreign power
• • Imperialism - extending a country's power and influence through colonisation
• 1420: The Europeans arrive

  1600-1800s: The Slave trade

  1833: Slavery was abolished 1884-1885: The Berlin Conference

  1951: Libya - Independence

  1980: Zimbabwe - Independence
• Around 600 years ago, Europe began to take interest in Africa. In 1420, Portuguese ships arrived to explore the west coast. The Dutch, the British, and the others came later.

  They found lands rich in gold, and ivory. And something else they wanted: slaves.