Science Quiz

• Change in inherited trait over successive generation in population growth

  Evolution
• Traces of organisms that lived in the past

  Fossil Records
• Six main types of fossils

  Petrified Fossils

  Molds

  Casts

  Carbon Films

  Trace Fossil

  Preserve Remains
• Shallow external molds left by animal or plant

  Imprints
• Animal or plant tissues preserved preserved in sedimentary rock and is formed with more organic material

  Compression
• HOW ARE THE AGES OF FOSSILS DETERMINED?

  Relative Dating

  Radiometric Dating
• The ages of rock is compared to the other rock layers

  Relative Dating
• Determine using the decay of radioactive isotopes of carbon-14 which is present in rocks when the organisms died

  Radiometric Dating
• Study of the similarities and differences in the structures of different species

  Comparative Anatomy
• Body parts of organisms that may perform different functions but are of the same origin

  Homologous Structure
• Common ancestor (RELATED) -> adapt different traits

  Divergent Evolution
• Body parts of organism that may perform the same function but are of different origins

  Analogous Structures
• Both bats and whales use echolocation to find food

  Convergent Evolution of Echolocation
• Body parts that are useless or left over from a previous ancestor in which they were useful

  Vestigial Structure
• The portion of the life cycle that begins just after fertilization

  Embryonic Development
• Small mutations or changes in the DNA eventually lead to the evolution of new species

  Genetic Information
• Organic molecule present in a living cell which includes carbohydrates, proteins, fats, etc

  Biomolecules
• MAJOR CLASSES OF BIOMOLECULES

  Carbohydrates

  Proteins

  Nucleic Acids

  Lipids
• Energy, essential nutrients which include sugars, fibers, and starches

  Carbohydrates
• Food with carbohydrates are converted into glucose or blood sugar in digestive system

  Digestion
• Term 'carbohydrate' is derived from a French term 'hydrate de carbone'
• FOUR TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES:

  Monosaccharides

  Disaccharides

  Oligosaccharides

  Polysaccharides
• Simplest unit of carboydrates (1 unit)

  Monosaccharides
• Two monosaccharides combine (2 units)

  Disaccharides
• Simples sugars, that are linked together to form a chain (3-10 units)

  Oligosaccharides
• Most common types on the list of oligosaccharides in vegetables

  Oligofructose
• Complex carbohydrates formed by the polymerization (more than 10 units)

  Polysaccharides
• Are the fundamental building blocks of our body

  Proteins
• Molecules that combine to form proteins

  Amino acids
• TWO TYPES OF PROTEIN MOLECULES:

  Fibrous proteins

  Globular proteins
• Insoluble and elongates, providing scaffolding to maintain cell shape

  Fibrous proteins
• Functional, soluble and compact, carry out specific biological function in body

  Globular proteins
• PROTEIN STRUCTURES:

  Primary structures

  Secondary structures

  Tertiary structures

  Quaternary structures
• The simplest level of protein structure

  Primary structures
• Local folded structures that form within a polypeptide due to interactions between atoms of the backbone

  Secondary structures
• Three-dimensional shape

  Tertiary structures
• These subunits come together

  Quaternary structures
• Carry out all numerous chemical reaction, help in regenerating and creating DNA

  Enzymes
• Help in balancing the components of the body

  Hormones
• Used by immune system to repair and heal the body from bacteria

  Antibody