STS mod 1-3

• Technology


  The application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims of human life or, as it is sometimes phrased, to the change and manipulation of the human environment
• Technology keeps on progressing due to the changing times and environment and also to the ever progressing mind of mankind
• Technology is seen as a necessity
• Paul Gottlieb Nipkow


  • German student in the late 1800's who invented the Nipkow disk, which laid the foundation of television, a fundamental component in the first mechanical televisions
• Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton and Boris Rosing

  • In 1907, created a new system of television by using cathode ray tube in addition to the mechanical scanner system
• This success gave rise to two types of television systems, the mechanical and electronic television
• Martin Cooper


  • In 1973, made the world's first mobile phone call. The mobile phone weighed 1.1 kilograms and measured 228.6 x 127 x 44.4 mm which was capable of a 30-minute talk time. However, it took 10 hours to charge
• Charles Babbage


  • A 19th century English Mathematics professor, who designed the Analytical Engine which was used as the basic framework of the computers even until the present time. He was considered as the "Father of the computer"
• Television


  Mainly used as a platform for advertisements and information dissemination. It is also a good platform for different propaganda's and advocates
• Mobile phones


  Primarily used for communication. Mobile phones offer services like texting and calling. It is an all-in-one device that can be use anywhere
• Personal computers and laptops

  Preferably used by people to do their online job. Nowadays, these technologies are important especially in Online Education. Also, it provides access to play different computer games
• Ethical dilemmas faced by technological advancements

  • Over usage - Unhealthy Lifestyle
  • Social Isolation
  • Misused of Personal information
• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was crafted in December 10, 1948, after World War II, as global standard of fundamental human rights for universal recognition and protection
• First 7 Articles of UDHR

  • Article 1: We are all born free and equal
  • Article 2: Freedom from Discrimination
  • Article 3: Right to Life
  • Article 4: Freedom from Slavery
  • Article 5: Freedom from Torture
  • Article 6: Right to Recognition Before the Law
  • Article 7: Right to Equality Before the Law
• The rise of the machinery accompanying the progress in science and technology may render humans useless
• Humans created robots


  Humans are on top of them
• With the development of artificial intelligence (AI), robots may also eventually act and decide like humans
• Advantage of AI


  Decisions now arise from sophisticated statistical analyses made from massive data
• Disadvantage of AI


  Unemployment, workers may be affected and lose their jobs with the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The internet become an instant go-to tool for answers to questions
• In the article, "Is Google making us stupid?" Nicolas Carr (2008) asserted that "as we come to rely on computers to mediate our understanding of the world, it is our own intelligence that flattens into artificial intelligence"
• Bill Joy


  • An American computer scientist who co-founded Sun Micro systems in 1982 and served as chief scientist at the company until 2003. His now famous Wired magazine essay, "Why the future doesn't need us," (2000) sets forth his deep concerns over the development of modern technologies
• Our most powerful 21st-century technologies - Genetics, Nanotech. and Robotics (GNR)- are threatening to make humans endangered species
• The atomic bomb in Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1945) that killed over 100.000 people was a definite example to the success of science and technology but was also a fatal reminder of its destructive power
• GNR today is accessible to small groups and individuals and does not require funding and facilities like nuclear weapons. This makes GNR more prone to accidents and abuses, especially when placed in the hands of wrong groups or individuals
• Freeman Dyson


  • A theoretical physicist and mathematician, in this documentary, he shared his thoughts and sentiments as a scientist taking part in the development of nuclear power. According to him, "Human nature may be corrupted when the powers of our mind, our rationality, and our science and technology become manifest, If we are not able to rein in the vanity and arrogance that such powers unleash, then we are on the way to destroying the world"
• Intellectual Revolution


  Period of paradigm shifts or changes in scientific beliefs that have been widely embraced and accepted by the people
• Some Intellectuals and their Revolutionary Ideas

  • Copernican Revolution
  • Darwinian Revolution
  • Freudian Revolution
• Copernican Revolution


  • Challenged the Ptolemaic model, demonstrating that the Earth was not the center of the universe
  • Introduced the heliocentric theory, where the sun is the center of the universe and planets revolve around it
• Copernican Revolution


  • Claudius Ptolemy (geocentrism)
  • Nicolaus Copernicus (heliocentrism)
• Darwinian Revolution


  • Introduced the theory of evolution by natural selection, where organisms adapt to their environment and gradually change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioral traits that would be more competitive to survive (survival of the fittest)
• Freudian Revolution


  • Introduced the theory of psychoanalysis, which explains human behavior and personality as a product of three conflicting elements: Id, Ego, and Superego
• Intellectual revolutions were often controversial as they contradicted widely accepted beliefs, particularly religious teachings
• Over time, some people came to understand that science and religion can coexist