4 biochemical blocks of organisms

• What is lipids as sources of storage energy?

  Carbohydrates
• Primary form of fuel for the body


  Carbohydrates
• Cellular oxidation of carbohydrates and fatty acids result to the formation of what?

  CO2 and H2O
• What serves as the barrier in the flow of materials to and from the cells?

  Lipid Bilayer (membrane)
• What type of lipids act as signals within cells?

  hormones
• With the presence of conjugated double bonds some lipids aid as pigments that absorb

  visible light
• lipids that absorb visible light

  zeaxanthin and canthaxanthin
• what type of lipid act as pigments?

  conjugated double bonds
• what type of biochemical block serves as the main form of fuel in the human body?

  carbohydrates
• interaction between the amino acid backbone caused a shape to form in the protein called what?

  Alpha helixes and beta pleated sheets
• this level of protein structure describe the sequence of amino acids

  primary structure
• formation of alpha helixes and beta pleated sheets


  secondary structure
• this level of protein structure interactions of R groups with each other/lipid bilayer format


  tertiary structure
• a protein with one chain of many amino acids is called what?

  polypeptide
• In protein structure, if there is more than one polypeptide their arrangement makes up what?

  quarternary structure
• these are built by proteins

  lipids and carbohydrates
• all the information necessary to build a functional cell are contained in what ?

  deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
• what are the four types of nucleotides?

  1. Adenine 2. Cytosine 3. Guanine 4. Thymine
• DNA is a polymer because it is built from multiple types
• The DNA structure does not depend on the nucleotide it is made up of
• two chains of nucleotides that wrap around each other is called?

  double helix
• carbohydrates is also known as saccharides or sugars
• carbohydrates are present in larger quantities than the other types of biomolecules
• for non-photosynthetic organisms, the metabolism of carbohydrates is the central pathway to energy production
• carbohydrates are made up of repeating units of special combination of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms
• what are the functional groups that are present in carbohydrates?


  aldehydes and ketones
• only one unit of carbohydrates

  monosaccharides
• few repeating unit of carbohydrates


  oligosaccharides
• h-c=o is found at the end of the structure and h is directly bonded to c

  aldose
• c=o is found at any location except that h is not directly bonded to c=o

  ketose
• A always pair with T and G always pairs with C if DNA
• A always pair with U and G always pairs with C if RNA
• Three types of RNA

  • messengerRNA (mRNA)
  • transferRNA (tRNA)
  • ribosomalRNA (rRNA)
• a process where DNA gives a way of copying its message to RNA

  complementarity
• what are two types of nucleic acid

  • DNA RNA
• What type of large biological molecule can be built from mRNA?

  Protein
• proteins


  what biomolecules have amino acids as their building blocks?
• in cells, what specific lipid arrangement serves as the barrier in the flow of materials in and out of the cells?

  lipid bilayer
• what biomolecules have monosaccharides as their building blocks?


  carbohydrates
• common amino acids are defined as amino acids that make up proteins found in the human body. by rough estimation, how many common amino acids are present?

  20