PR

• What


  • Your research all about
  • What do you want to find out
  • What problems do you want to solve
• Why


  • Why do you want to do your research
  • Significance of the study
• Who


  Who will take part in your research

  Who will participate in your study
• Where


  Where you will gather all the information needed for the research
• When


  • When are you going to start gathering information for your research
  • When will you do the interview
  • When will you interpret and analyze your data
• Ethnography


  • Aims to study a particular group of people in their natural settings
  • Translates to writing about people
• Case Study


  • Learn deeper and more specific details of a certain situation, group of people or individual
  • Give a more in depth analysis of a topic with the use of more data-gathering procedures at the same time
• Phenomenology


  • Wants to study the phenomenon or experience of people
  • Purpose is to give an idea of how individuals or group of people react or experience a certain phenomenon
• Historical Approach


  • A systematic collection and evaluation of information that has occurred in the past
  • Form of Document, stories, artifcats, videos, etc.
• Population


  • The complete group of people, animals or objects that have the same characteristics that the research needs
  • The entire group that you want to draw conclusions about
• Sample


  • A group of individuals that represents a population
  • The process of choosing a sample is called Sampling
• Steps in Sampling


  1. Identify the Population of Interest

  2. Specify a Sampling Frame

  3. Specify a Sampling Method

  4. Determine your Sample Size

  5. Implement the Plan
• Identify the Population of Interest

  • When choosing your population of interest, you should think WHO will be directly affected by this study and WHO will be the potential respondents
• 2. Specify a Sampling Frame

  • We need to specify WHO we want to include in our study.
  • You may want to choose your sampling frame for a place where you are residing so that it will be easier to gather respondents.
  • If we simply say those are your population, then it will be difficult for us to identify who will be your respondents.
• 3. Specify a Sampling Method

  • Snowball sampling - this is done by asking relevant people if they know someone who will be willing to participate in your research. (ask someone in your community who is willing and qualified to participate )
  • Convenience Sampling -involves selecting people who are the most convenient for you as a researcher. You may use someone you already know as a respondent because it will save you time and effort in looking for someone who will participate in your study
  • Purposive Sampling -units are selected because they have characteristics that you need in your sample.
• 4. Determine your Sample Size

  • Depending on whether your data will reach its saturation point
  • depends on the type of approach that you are going to use for your research.
  • It was cited by Creswell (2013) that 1-10 subjects are recommended for phenomenology.
  • Dukes (1984) stated that there should be 20-30 individuals for grounded theory.
  • Charmaz (2006) indicated that there should be 4-5 respondents for case studies and
  • a single culture-sharing group for ethnography.