UCSP

• Charles Horton Cooley - proposed the Looking Glass Self Theory, which states that a person’s sense of self is actually derived from the perception of others as we perceive ourselves on how other people think of us.
• George Herbert Mead - developed the concept of “role-taking” or perspective taking
• Human Dignity - is something that can’t be taken away. Catholic Social Teaching states that each and every person has value, are worthy of great respect, and must be free from slavery, manipulation, and exploitation.
• Human Rights - are inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language, or any other status. These rights are all interrelated, interdependent, and indivisible.
• Primary group - engages on a personal level of intimate relationship and strong bonds of association, and emotional attachment
• secondary group - engages in transactional relationships for pursuit, facilitation and attainment of goals.
• Formal group - is intentionally formed and planned for carrying out specific purposes
• informal group - is formed unplanned and spontaneously established out of random association a nd interaction.
• open group - is open for everyone
• closed group - it is exclusive to a selected number of persons either by quota or qualifications.
• Interest groups - are formed for the purpose of protecting and promoting the trade, interests, and well-being of its members
• pressure groups - are from the private sector of society that are formed to influence the public’s views.
• Task groups - on the other hand, constitute a pool of workers labor force, or performers following a chain of command for the purpose of completing a task.
• William G. Summer - introduced the concept of in-group and out-group.
• In-group - members have a sense of loyalty, camaraderie, and solidarity. Non-members are considered “outsiders”, “the others”, or “strangers.
• out-group - one is perceived to be apart from the others. They are often perceived as odd and indifferent.
• Minority groups - on the other hand, are relatively less dominant in terms of its size, status, or degree of influence.
• reference group - one is not necessarily a member but they serve a comparative basis for self-evaluation.
• Bands – These are most often found in foraging societies, and associated with low population densities, distribution systems based on reciprocity, and egalitarian social relations.
• Tribes – These are found among horticulturists and pastoralists societies, has larger and more sedentary populations, lack centralized political leadership, and egalitarian in nature.
• Chiefdoms – These involve a more formal and permanent political structure, political authority rests with individuals, and rely on feasting and tribute.
• Sociology - study of knowledge