NCM 117

Cards (42)

  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
    A disorder that makes it difficult for a person to pay attention and control impulsive behaviors
  • ADHD
    • Onset is before 7 years old
  • Autism or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

    A complex neurobehavioral condition that includes impairments in social interaction and developmental language and communication skills combined with rigid, repetitive behaviors
  • Main Problems
    • Decreased attention span
  • Initial Manifestation of ADHD
    • Difficulty in remaining seated
    • Easily distracted by extraneous stimuli
    • Fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat
    • Interrupts or intrudes on others
    • Child exhibits hyperactivity
    • Indulges in physically dangerous activities without considering possible consequences
    • Talks excessively
    • Risk for injury
  • Nursing Interventions for ADHD
    • Give foods that can be eaten "on the run"
    • Administer Ritalin as ordered
    • Promote safety of the child
    • Limit caffeine containing foods
  • Initial Manifestation of AutismFaulty social skills
    • Lacks eye contact; loves to spin objects
    • Preference for inanimate, spinning and shining objects
    • Hands flapping
    • Insistence on sameness
    • Rocking
    • Echolalia
    • Impaired social interaction
  • Nursing Interventions for Autism
    • Observe consistency in providing care to the child
    • If the child throws himself into head banging and tantrums, provide helmet
    • Provide consistent and firm limit setting for behavior
  • Levels of Intellectual Disability
    • Mild Mental Retardation (IQ 50-55 to 70)
    • Moderate Mental Retardation (IQ 35-40 to 50-55)
    • Severe Mental Retardation (IQ 20-25 to 35-40)
    • Profound Mental Retardation (IQ below 20 or 25)
  • Intellectual Disability
    Limitations in mental abilities that affect intelligence, learning and everyday life skills
  • Personality Disorder
    A way of thinking, feeling and behaving that deviates from the expectations of the culture, causes distress or problems functioning, and lasts over time
  • Types of Personality Disorder
    • Paranoid
    • Schizoid
    • Schizotypal
    • Antisocial
    • Borderline
    • Histrionic
    • Narcissistic
    • Avoidant
    • Dependent
    • Obsessive-compulsive
  • Paranoid Personality Disorder

    A pattern of being suspicious of others and seeing them as mean or spiteful. People with paranoid personality disorder often assume people will harm or deceive them and don't confide in others or become close to them.
  • Schizoid Personality Disorder
    Being detached from social relationships and expressing little emotion. A person with schizoid personality disorder typically does not seek close relationships, chooses to be alone and seems to not care about praise or criticism from others.
  • Schizotypal Personality Disorder
    A pattern of being very uncomfortable in close relationships, having distorted thinking and eccentric behavior. A person with schizotypal personality disorder may have odd beliefs or odd or peculiar behavior or speech or may have excessive social anxiety.
  • Antisocial Personality Disorder
    A pattern of disregarding or violating the rights of others. A person with antisocial personality disorder may not conform to social norms, may repeatedly lie or deceive others, or may act impulsively.
  • Borderline Personality Disorder
    A pattern of instability in personal relationships, intense emotions, poor self-image and impulsivity. A person with borderline personality disorder may go to great lengths to avoid being abandoned, have repeated suicide attempts, display inappropriate intense anger or have ongoing feelings of emptiness.
  • Histrionic Personality Disorder
    A pattern of excessive emotion and attention seeking. People with histrionic personality disorder may be uncomfortable when they are not the center of attention, may use physical appearance to draw attention to themselves or have rapidly shifting or exaggerated emotions.
  • Narcissistic Personality Disorder
    A pattern of need for admiration and lack of empathy for others. A person with narcissistic personality disorder may have a grandiose sense of self-importance, a sense of entitlement, take advantage of others or lack empathy.
  • Avoidant Personality Disorder

    A pattern of extreme shyness, feelings of inadequacy and extreme sensitivity to criticism.
  • Dependent Personality Disorder
    A pattern of needing to be taken care of and submissive and clingy behavior.
  • Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

    A pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfection and control. A person with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder may be overly focused on details or schedules, may work excessively not allowing time for leisure or friends, or may be inflexible in their morality and values.
  • Anorexia Nervosa
    Characterized by intense fear of gaining weight. The onset is from 10 to 30 years old.
  • Bulimia Nervosa
    Characterized by eating more food than what the body needs accompanied by inappropriate ways to stop gaining weight.
  • Main Problems in Anorexia Nervosa
    • Fear of gaining weight
    • Amenorrhea (absence of menses for at least three consecutive months) in the absence of other cause
    • Obviously thin but feels fat
    • Refusal to maintain ideal body weight
    • Epigastric discomforts
    • Symptoms like hiding foods, collecting recipes
  • Initial Manifestation of Anorexia Nervosa
    • Amenorrhea
    • No other organic factor accounts for the weight loss
    • Intense fear of gaining weight
    • Always thinking about food
  • Laboratory Data in Anorexia Nervosa
    • Hypokalemia
    • Body image disturbance
    • Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
  • Nursing Interventions for Anorexia Nervosa
    • Monitor the client's weight
    • Institute family therapy since most parents of anorexic are rigid, perfectionist and domineering
  • Main Problems in Bulimia Nervosa
    • Binge-eating and purging
    • Weight loss
  • Initial Manifestation of Bulimia Nervosa
    • Binge eating
    • Under strict dieting or vigorous exercise
    • Lack of control over eating binges
    • Induce vomiting
    • Minimum of two binge eating episodes in a week for a period of three months
    • Increased or persistent concern over body size or shape
    • Abuse of laxatives or diuretics
  • Laboratory Data in Bulimia Nervosa
    • Hypoglycemia
    • Body image disturbance
    • Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
  • Nursing Interventions for Bulimia Nervosa

    • Monitor the client's weight
    • Stay with the client for at least 30 mins. to 1 hr after meals, to prevent self-induced vomiting
    • Encourage frequent oral hygiene
  • Mood Disorder
    Group of disorders characterized by abnormal disturbances in mood
  • Main Types of Mood Disorder
    • Depression
    • Bipolar Disorder
  • Subtypes of Depression
    • Major Depression (severe and lasts for two weeks)
    • Dysthymic Depression (less severe, lasts for two years)
    • Depression Not Otherwise Specified (lasts for 2 days to 2 weeks)
  • Initial Manifestation of Depression
    • Insomnia and hypersomnia everyday
    • Depressed mood
    • Energy loss
    • Psychomotor agitation
    • Recurrent thoughts of death and suicide
    • Excessive or diminished sleep
    • Significant weight loss
    • Significant distress or impairment in social functioning
    • Excessive or inappropriate guilt
    • Diminished interest or pleasure (anhedonia)
  • Subtypes of Bipolar Disorder
    • Manic (severe, lasts for at least 1 week)
    • Hypomanic (less severe, lasts for at least 4 days)
    • Bipolar I (depressed mood with history of mania)
    • Bipolar II (depressed mood with hypomanic episode but no history of mania)
    • Cyclothymia (numerous episodes of hypomania and depressed mood that lasts for at least 2 years)
  • Initial Manifestation of Mania
    • Hyperactivity, rapid speech
    • Mood swings
    • Rapid speech
    • Limited attention span
    • Euphoria
    • Delusion of grandeur
  • Initial Manifestation of Bipolar Depression
    • Hypersomnia
    • Hyperphagia
    • Weight gain
    • Paranoid thoughts
    • Hallucination
  • Differences Between Mania and Depression
    • Appearance: Colorful, Overly done makeup vs Sad, No makeup
    • Behavior: Hyperactive, highly driven, hyperorality, Hypersexual vs Passive, psychomotor retardation, anhedonia, withdrawn
    • Concentration: Short attention span vs Difficulty concentrating
    • Communication: Talkative (flight ideas) vs Monotonous speech
    • Appetite: Too busy to eat vs Lack of appetite
    • Sleep: Short period vs Insomnia or hypersomnia
    • Mood: Elated vs Melancholic