AMT 641

• Requirements for Fire to Occur

  • Fuel
  • Heat
  • Oxygen
• Fuel


  Combines with oxygen in the presence of heat, releasing more heat. As a result, it reduces itself to other chemical compounds
• Heat


  Accelerates the combining of oxygen with fuel, in turn releasing more heat
• Oxygen


  The element that combines chemically with another substance through the process of oxidation. Rapid oxidation, accompanied by a noticeable release of heat and light, is called combustion or burning
• Classification of Fires

  • Class A
  • Class B
  • Class C
  • Class D
  • Class K
• Class A


  Solid combustible materials burn, such as wood, paper or cloth. Control cabins or passenger compartments are examples of locations where Class A fires are likely to occur. Electrically powered smoke or flame-detector systems
• Class B


  Combustible liquids such as gasoline, oil, paint thinners, etc. Typically occur in engine compartments or nacelles, and in compartments that house an auxiliary power unit (APU). Overheat detection systems which sense the rate of temperature rise. False alarms are less likely than with other types of detection systems
• Class C


  Energized electrical equipment. Generally confined to electrical and electronic equipment bays and to areas behind electrical control panels. Since the initial stages of electrical equipment fires are usually preceded by large amounts of smoke, these areas of an aircraft are generally monitored by smoke-detection systems
• Class D


  Burning metals such as magnesium and very difficult to extinguish. Using the wrong type of extinguishing agent with these fires may not only be ineffective, but may even cause the fire to spread. Not common in aircraft during flight, they can occur in maintenance shops
• Class K


  Fires in cooking appliance that involves combustible cooking ingredients (Vegetable oil, animal oils and fats). Not common in aircraft during flight, they can occur in household, restaurants, etc
• Extinguisher Types

  • Water
  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Dry Chemicals
  • Halogenated Hydrocarbons
  • Halocarbon Clean Agents
  • Specialized Dry Powder
• Water


  Cools the material below its ignition temperature and soaks it to prevent ignition. Commonly used in Class A fire
• Carbon Dioxide


  Acts as blanketing agent, displacing the oxygen that the fire relies upon to continue burning. Best use in Class B and C fire. Note: not recommended for hand-held extinguishers for internal aircraft use
• Dry Chemicals


  Put out fire by coating the fuel with a thin layer of dust, separating the fuel from the oxygen in the air. Use is limited due to residual residue and clean up after deployment. Best use in Class A, B and C fire
• Halogenated Hydrocarbons (Halon)


  Exclude oxygen from the fire source and chemically interfering with the combustion process. Effective in extinguishing fires in engine compartments. Clean agent (no residue), electrically nonconducting, and has relatively low toxicity. Extremely effective on a per unit weight basis. Best use in Class A, B and C fire
• Halocarbon Clean Agents


  Break up the uninhibited chemical chain reaction of combustion by removing the thermal energy of a fire where the combustion reaction cannot sustain itself. Eliminate either the heat or the oxygen elements to extinguish the fire. Best use in Class A, B and C fire
• Specialized Dry Powder


  Has a low velocity lance-like applicator which enables the contents to gently fall onto the fire and prevent burning metal swarf and powder from spreading further from the initial burn site. Only extinguishers that work on flammable metals. Recommended to be used for Class D fires
• Fire extinguishers need to be checked periodically utilizing a checklist. If a checklist is unavailable, check the following as a minimum: Proper location of appropriate extinguisher, Gauge or indicator in operable range, All external dirt and rust removed, Safety seals unbroken, No nozzle obstruction, No obvious damage, Proper weight
• How to Use a Fire Extinguisher

  • Pull the pin
  • Aim the nozzle
  • Squeeze the handle
  • Sweep side to side at the base of the fire (until the fire is completely out)
• Pull the Pin


  This will allow you to discharge the fire extinguisher. The pin prevents the fire extinguisher from being accidentally discharged by squeezing the handle
• Aim at the base of the fire

  Hit the fuel. If you aim at the flames the extinguishing agent will fly right through without stopping the fire
• Squeeze the top handle


  Squeezing the handle opens a valve that releases the pressurized extinguishing agent from the fire extinguisher
• Sweep from side to side

  (until the fire is completely out) Start using the fire extinguisher from a safe distance (6-8 feet) then slowly move forward if possible. Once the fire is out, keep an eye on the area in case it reignites
• Tie-Down Procedures

  1. Head aircraft into the wind

  2. Determine tie-down point locations

  3. Lock nosewheel or tailwheel in fore-and-aft position
• Tie-Down Procedures for Land Planes

  • Secure light aircraft with ropes tied only at tie-down rings
  • Avoid tying rope to lift strut
  • Provide 1 inch of slack in rope to allow for movement
• Knot


  Anti-slip knots like bowline are quickly tied and easy to untie
• Securing Heavy Aircraft

  1. Head airplane into prevailing wind

  2. Install control locks, covers, and guards

  3. Chock all wheels fore and aft

  4. Attach tie-down reels to airplane tie-down loops, anchors, or stakes
• Typical Mooring Procedures for Helicopters

  1. Face helicopter in direction of highest forecast wind or gusts

  2. Spot helicopter more than one rotor span distance from other aircraft

  3. Place wheel chocks ahead of and behind all wheels

  4. Align blades and install tie-down assemblies

  5. Fasten tie-down ropes or cables to forward and aft landing gear cross tubes
• Helicopters can usually sustain winds up to approximately 65 mph when tied down
• Tie down the main rotor blades if high winds are anticipated with the helicopter parked in the open
• Important Safety Procedures for Using Aircraft Jacks

  -When it comes to routine maintenance and inspections, aircraft jacks are essential equipment.

  -Proper jacking techniques aren’t the most complex on the flightline, but in order to prevent accidents, injuries or costly damage to an aircraft ,specific safety procedures must be in place when operating aircraft jacks of all types including Tronair jacks.

  -Jacks should only be used by those who are trained and fully aware of the risks involved if safety procedures are not followed.
• BASIC RULES OF AIRCRAFT JACK OPERATION

  -Before technicians use jacks to perform routine maintenance or aircraft repairs, they should always read over the basic rules of operation to ensure their safety and the safety of the aircraft.

  -There are plenty of rules and precautions to keep in mind when jacking up an airplane.
• Some of the most important to remember when working with aircraft jacks:

  • Never put hands between an aircraft jack and the corresponding jack pad. 

  • Always raise and lower the aircraft jack simultaneously, so the aircraft remains level and secure at all times.
  • As with all maintenance procedures, always wear safety glasses when performing safe jacking techniques
• Five-Point Aircraft Jack Inspection

  1. check for any bent or stressed components
  2. verify all fluid levels and top them off if required
  3. check welded joints for signs of fatigue
  4. make sure there are no missing or damaged components or parts
  5. examine the condition of the locknuts
• ALWAYS USE AIRCRAFT JACKS IN A LEVEL POSITION

  • It's imperative to remember only to use aircraft jacks on a solid, level surface.
• USE PROPER JACKING POINTS

  • Before attempting to use aircraft jacks, the proper location of the jack points should always be pinpointed. The manufacturer's maintenance manual will provide this location information for each aircraft type
• MAKE SURE AIRCRAFT JACKS AREN'T IN THE WAY

  • Before jacking an aircraft, technicians should survey the areas under and around the aircraft to determine if any hazards to the aircraft or personnel are evident.
• CHECK IF AIRCRAFT STABILIZERS ARE REQUIRED

  • Safe jack stabilizers are designed to ensure the aircraft stays in place when lifting. Safe jack stabilizers also help to ensure the safety of your entire crew and the aircraft itself when you lift and shore using Tronair jacks.
  • Stabilizing aircraft jack stands can be equipped with an alarm to warn you when the weight on the load cell exceeds 100 lbs. (an overloading situation). This feature ensures safety when performing maintenance, lifting and shoring
• STORE AIRCRAFT JACKS PROPERLY

  • Even in the mildest weather conditions, the ground crew should never store aircraft jacks outside. If an aircraft is scheduled for a wash while on aircraft jacks, place a cover over the entire jack to prevent water or chemical exposure
• EQUIPMENTS ON JACKS

  • Jacks, Tripod
  • Jacks, Axle
  • Jack Extensions
  • Hand Wheel Safety Nuts
  • Jack Pad Adapters
  • Portable Tripod Jack, Proof Load Tester
  • Proof Load Fixture