Treatment and Disease through time

• What were 3 beliefs about causes of disease in medieval times?

  4 humours theory Supernatural (Astrology/Divine Punishment) Miasmas
• How did the Church influence Medicine in the medieval times?

  Controlled what universities teached Favored Galen's work (inaccurate) Banned dissection
• What was the main form of care in church hospitals/monasteries during the medieval period?

  Pallative care (caring not curing)
• What were barber surgeons used for in the medieval period?

  Bloodletting Minor surgery
• What did wise men/women and apothecaries specialise in during the medieval period?

  Herbal remedies
• How did doctors in the medieval period diagnose patients?

  Used urine and zodiac charts
• How did the beliefs about causes of disease change during the renaissance?

  Great Plague 1665 - Link made between dirt and disease
• Nicholas Culpepper


  Criticised bloodletting Promoted use of plants in book, "The Complete Herbal"" - 1653"
• Thomas Sydenham


  Stressed importance of observing patients
• How did hospitals change post-reformation?

  Privately funded Increased in number Specialisms in particular diseases - e.g. London’s Lock Hospital for Venereal Diseases
• Edward Jenner


  Smallpox Vaccine - Findings published 1798
• Why did the urban population increase during the industrial period?

  People move from countryside to towns and cities to work in factories.
• Germ theory - Louis Pasteur


  Proved Germs caused disease Proved spontaneous generation wrong
• Robert Koch


  Applied germ theory to human diseases Proved different microbes cause different diseases
• When did Koch identify tuberculosis?


  1882
• When did Koch identify Cholera?


  1884
• When was the smallpox vaccine made compulsory in the UK?


  1853
• When was DNA discovered?


  1953
• What was the significance of the discovery of DNA?

  Meant medical professionals could understand causes of genetic illnesses and identify cures
• What did Paul Eirlich discover in 1910?


  Magic bullet/Salvarsan 606 (for syphilis)
• Alexander Fleming - 1928


  Discovered penicillin Received no funding for research
• Florey and Chain - 1937 Onwards

  Build on Fleming's work
• When was penicillin mass produced?

  1943
• What are other examples of antibiotics developed?

  Tetracycline, streptomycin and mitomycin
• What is an example of an antibiotic resistant bacteria?

  MRSA
• What is emphasised now in healthcare?

  Prevention rather than cure
• What are some examples of alternative treatments?

  Acupuncture and hypnotherapy