KQ6: Why were Crusades important during this period?

• Architecture

  a word used to describe buildings
• Barbarous


  means extremely brutal
• Chivalry


  means when knights are noble and heroic
• Concentric


  a castle with stone walls
• Convent

  a community of priests/monks/nuns
• Infirmary


  another word for a hospital
• Fortification

  a defensive wall/castle
• Frankish invasion 


  used by muslims to describe christians
• Hospice


  a place where seriously ill patients are cared for
• Martyr

  Someone who is killed because of their religious beliefs
• Papal confirmation

  when pope confirm/ approves something
• Crusading Orders:

  • Established after First Crusade.
  • Aimed to combine religious and military aspects of medieval life.
  • Some had charitable purposes.
  • Embodied idea of medieval chivalry.
  • Essentially military monasticism.
  • Answerable only to the Pope.
  • Devoted to defense of Crusader Kingdom.
• Organization

  • Mainly grouped into two ranks: knight and sergeant.
• Knights Hospitaller

  • Founded by Blessed Gerard, confirmed by Pope in 1113.
  • Originally focused on medical care of pilgrims.
  • Had hospice and infirmary in Jerusalem.
  • Could house up to two thousand patients.
  • Staffed by well-qualified doctors.
• Military Role:

  • By 1130, gained military role.
  • Built several castles, including Krak de Chevaliers.
• Support

  • Received financial support from Europe.
  • Received gifts of land.
• Knights Templar

  • Established in 1119 by Hugh de Payens.
  • Initially offered protection to pilgrims.
  • Known as Poor Knights of Christ and the Temple of Solomon.
  • Established in Temple of Solomon (al-Aqsa Mosque).
• Support and Growth:

  • Supported by King Baldwin and Bernard of Clairvaux.
  • Approved by Church at Council of Troyes in 1129.
  • Received charitable donations, grew in wealth and power.
• Organization and Activities:

  • Organized as monastic order similar to Cistercian monks.
  • Known for military skills, training, courage, and heavy armament.
  • Wore red cross of martyrdom on their robes.
• Organization and Activities:

  • Developed banking and moneylending activities.
  • Convents used as places for pilgrims to deposit money and jewels.
  • Pioneered early banking techniques.