SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION

• ARTIFICIAL SYSTEM - Based on convenience in which a structure or feature serves as a basis of grouping
• NATURAL SYSTEM - Uses the most prominent and most peculiar morphological structure of the plant with the intention of grouping together those crops which are most familiar in a number of structures
• PHYLOGENETIC STRUCTURE - Plants are classified according to their evolutionary status
• HERBS - a succulent plants with self-supporting stems and soft stems
• VINES - a succulent or woody plants without self-supporting stems
• SHRUBS - It may have several main branches with no trunk and rarely grows higher than 5 meters
• TREES - With single central stem to which branches are attached, usually taller than shrub
• SEXUAL - These are plants that develop after undergoing processes of meiosis and fertilization in the flower to produce a viable embryo in the seed
• ASEXUAL - These are plants that are produced by any vegetative means not involving meiosis and the union of gametes
• PARASITES - - parasitic, sucking roots
• EPIPHYTES - grow upon other plants (orchids) but not parasitic
• SAPROPHYTES - grow in places rich in decaying organic substances
• FRUITS - Matured ripened ovary
• Berry - with entirely fleshy ovary e.g. tomatoes, dates, blueberries, bananas, peppers and cranberries
• HESPERIDIUM - With leathery rind e.g. oranges, grapefruits, lemons and limes
• PEPO - with hard rind and a fleshy inner matrix e.g. watermelons, cantaloupe, squash and pumpkin
• DRUPE - fruit with fleshy exterior and a single hard, stony pit surrounding the seed e.g. cherries, peaches, olives, mango, raspberry, coconut, plums
• POMES - with fleshy exterior and a center with papery carpels e.g. apples and pear
• ornamentals - plants cultivated mainly for their aesthetic value, further classified according to their special uses
• cut flower - grown for its flower
• cut foliage - Foliage provides background in floral arrangement Examples: ferns, fortune plant, palmera
• flowering pot plant - plants grown in containers for their flowers usually used for display
• landscape plants - Plants use for landscaping purposes Example: blue palm, white grass, song of india
• turf - used in lawns or greens
• green manure - a crop that is plowed under while still green and growing to improve the soil
• cover crop - any crop grown to provide soil cover,prevent soil erosion by wind, or water, improve soil and control weeds
• companion crop - crop sown with another crop and harvested separately. The combination benefits either or both of the crops.
• trap crop - a crop which is planted to protect the main crop from pests by attracting the pest to the crop itself and later destroying it
• catch crop - a short seasoned crop grown immediately after the failure of the main crop to utilize residual resources
• soilage - grasses that are grown, cut and directly fed to animals
• silages - grasses grown, cut, fermented, and preserved before being fed to animals
• malnutrition - is the condition that occurs when your body does not get enough nutrients
• vitamins - These are the important constituents of fruits and are indispensable part of human diet
• Humans began cultivating plants in the Neolithic period, 7,000 to 10,000 years ago
• ancient egyptians - made some of the first big advancements in horticulture. They developed the first known irrigation systems
• Romans and Greeks - They also made huge contributions to horticulture. They developed new techniques like grafting, budding and specialized tools such as pruning knives and fruit-picking ladders
• botany - the scientific study of plants
• Theophrastus - Student of Aristotle who discovered that root pruning encourages flowering and subsequent fruiting ➢ Father of botany
• Varro - Developed post harvest storage techniques for fruits by placing them on straw
• Dioscorides - Wrote the authoritative book De Materia Medecina which describes roots and stem ➢ The father of pharmacognosy