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Cell Structure
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Cards (15)
Describe the structure of a typical bacterial cell
1.
Bacterial cells
have many different shapes - some are
round,
some are rod-shaped and some are
spiral
- but they are all
prokaryotic
cells
2. In bacterial cells, the roles of
mitochondria
and
chloroplasts
are taken over by the cytoplasm
3.
Plasmids
are present, which are circles of
DNA
that can be transferred from
one
cell
to another
4.
Plasmids
allow bacterial cells to move
genes
from one cell to another
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A Typical Animal Cell
Nucleus
- controls the activities of the cell and contains the
genetic
material
Cytoplasm
- where most of the
chemical reactions
take place
Cell membrane
- controls the
passage
of substances
into
and
out
of the cell
Mitochondria
- where
aerobic respiration
takes place
Ribosomes
- where
proteins
are synthesised (made)
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All cells have
structures
inside them - these are called
sub-cellular
structures
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Plant Cells
Cell
wall
made of
cellulose
, which strengthens the cell
Permanent
vacuole
filled with
cell
sap, which
supports
the plant
Chloroplasts -
absorb
light to make food (
glucose
) by
photosynthesis
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Plant cells and
algal
cells contain all the sub-cellular structures found in
animal
cells
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Plant, animal and
fungal
cells are all
eukaryotic
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Bacterial cells are
prokaryotic
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Prokaryotic cells
Genetic material is not enclosed in a
nucleus
Genetic material is a single
DNA loop
and there may be one or more small rings of DNA, called
plasmids
They do not contain
mitochondria
or
chloroplasts
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Prokaryotic
cells are much
smaller
in size
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Plasmid DNA
A small, commonly circular, section of
DNA
that can replicate
independently
of
chromosomal
DNA
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Plasmids
have become very useful to scientists. They allow genes to be inserted into
bacteria
in genetic engineering
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Prokaryotic cells are much simpler in structure than
eukaryotic cells.
That is why scientists think that they developed before
eukaryotic cells
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Cell wall
provides structural support to the bacteria (is not made of
cellulose
)
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Chromosomal DNA
: the DNA of bacteria is not found within a nucleus and is usually found as one
circular
chromosome
View source
Flagella:
tail-like
structures that rotate to help some bacteria
move
View source
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