Biological substances

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Created by
Izzy Yates

Cards (11)

  • carbohydrates 

    starch/ glycogen
    made from simple sugars (glucose )
    elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
  • protein 

    made from amino acids
    elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
  • lipids 

    made from fatty acids and glycerol
    elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
  • test for starch
    iodine
    orange brown —> blue black if starch is present
  • test for glucose (sugar )

    benedict’s solution and heat
    blue —> red if glucose is present
  • test for protein 

    sodium hydroxide and copper sulphate (biuret)
    blue —> lilac if protein is present
  • test for fat 

    crush with ethanol and add water
    white emulsion will form if fats are present
  • enzymes 

    biological catalyst
    lower activation energy of a reaction without being used up
    proteins with specific 3D shape
  • temperature increasing to optimum
    as temp increases to optimum so does ROR
    increasing temp
    increases kinetic energy
    increases movement of enzymes
    increases no. of successful collisions
    more enzyme-substrate complexes
  • temperature increases beyond optimum 

    ROR decreases beyond optimum
    increasing temp
    increases kinetic energy
    active site shape changes
    no longer complimentary to substrate
    less enzyme-substrate complexes are made
  • pH increasing or decreasing from optimum
    ROR decreases
    change in pH causes active site 3D shape to change
    no longer complimentary to substrate
    less enzyme-substrate complexes are formed