Science

• Unbalanced diet


  Can cause three health problems
• Vitamin C deficiency disease


  Caused by lack of vitamin C
• A 70kg man


  Has higher energy requirement than a 50kg woman
• Digestion


  The process of breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body
• Types of digestion


  • Mechanical
  • Chemical
• Small intestine


  • Well adapted to absorb nutrients
• Bile


  Made in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and released into the small intestine
• Large intestine


  Absorbs water from indigestible food matter and eliminates solid waste from the body
• Enzyme catalysis


  1. Substrate binding

  2. Transition state facilitation

  3. Catalysis

  4. Release
• Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions without themselves being consumed or permanently altered by the reaction
• Enzymes increase reaction rates without altering the chemical equilibrium between reactants and products
• As temperature increases


  The rate of reaction increases
• Photosynthesis


  The process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar
• Reactants of photosynthesis


  • Carbon dioxide
  • Water
• Products of photosynthesis


  • Oxygen
  • Glucose
• Aerobic respiration


  Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
• Reactants of respiration


  • Glucose
  • Oxygen
• Products of respiration


  • Carbon dioxide
  • Water
  • Energy
• Respiration


  The process by which cells convert the chemical energy in glucose into a form that the cell can use
• Products of photosynthesis are used by the plant
• Products of plant respiration are released
• Stomata


  • Found on the underside of leaves
  • Allow gas exchange
• Process humans use to release energy from this substance

  Aerobic respiration
• Organ system that transports substances around the body

  Circulatory system
• Role of the heart

  Pumps blood around the body
• Arteries, veins, and capillaries


  • Transport blood to and from the heart and around the body
• Components of blood


  • Red blood cells
  • White blood cells
  • Platelets
  • Plasma
• Function of red blood cells

  Transport oxygen around the body
• Red blood cells


  • Adapted to efficiently transport oxygen
• How oxygen enters the blood

  Through the alveoli in the lungs
• Ecosystem


  A community of living organisms interacting with each other and their physical environment
• Groups that make up the animal kingdom

  • Vertebrates
  • Invertebrates
• Groups that make up the vertebrates

  • Fish
  • Amphibians
  • Reptiles
  • Birds
  • Mammals
• Fish


  • Have gills to breathe underwater
• Amphibians


  • Can live both in water and on land
• Reptiles


  • Have dry, scaly skin
• Birds


  • Have feathers and wings
• Mammals


  • Have hair and produce milk to feed their young
• Equipment used to sample invertebrate life
• Draw a food chain containing grass, rabbit and fox