Freud

• Psychoanalytic Perspective


  Theory of personality development and psychotherapy founded by Sigmund Freud, emphasizing the role of the unconscious mind in human behavior, motivation, and personality
• Sigmund Freud


  • Viennese physician and originator of the psychoanalytic perspective
  • Believed in reactive development and qualitative changes over time
• Id


  Basic impulses (sex and aggression); seeks immediate gratification; operates at an unconscious level
• Ego


  Mediates between id impulses and superego inhibitions; tests reality; rational; operates at conscious and preconscious levels
• Superego


  Ideals and morals; strives for perfection; operates mostly at the preconscious level
• Freud's Psychosexual Stages


  1. Oral Stage (Birth to 1 Year)

  2. Anal Stage (1 to 3 Years)

  3. Phallic Stage (3 to 6 Years)

  4. Latent Stage (6 to Puberty)

  5. Genital Stage (Puberty to Death)
• Erogenous Zones (Male)


  Glans, Frenulum, Foreskin, Perineum, Scrotum, Testicles, Prostate
• Erogenous Zones (Female)


  Clitoris, ******, Pubic Mound
• Psychosexual Development Issues


  • Oral Stage Issues: Forceful feeding, underfed or overfed
  • Anal Stage Issues: Toilet training too harsh or too lax
  • Phallic Stage Issues: Abnormal family setup leading to unusual relationships with parents
  • Genital Stage Resolution: Settling down in a loving one-to-one relationship with another
• Personality Traits and Characteristics

  • Oral Passive: Trusting, dependency
  • Oral Aggressive: Aggressive, dominating
  • Anal Retentive: Tidiness, obsessiveness, mean, stubborn
  • Anal Expulsive: Untidiness, generosity
  • Phallic Stage Issues: Vanity, self-obsession, sexual anxiety, inadequacy, inferiority, envy
  • Well Adjusted Individuals: Mature, able to love and be loved, heterosexual orientation
• Psychological Fixations

  • Oral Fixations: Smoking and gum-chewing
  • Anal Fixations: Orderliness and nail-biting
  • Phallic Fixations: Vanity and pride