01 Handout

• Anthropology


  The study of humankind in all times and all places, including human origin, globalization, social change, and world history. The study of culture, the study of men, humankind and humanity
• Goals of Anthropology

  • Discover what makes people different from one another in order to understand and preserve diversity
  • Discover what all people have in common
  • Look at one's own culture more objectively like an outsider
  • Produce new knowledge and new theories about humankind and human behavior
• Fields of Anthropology

  • Cultural Anthropology
  • Linguistic Anthropology
  • Archaeology
  • Biological Anthropology
• Sociology


  The systematic study of groups and societies that people build and how these affect their behavior, studies human civilization
• Sociology was coined by August Comte, who was regarded as the "Father of Sociology"
• The scientific study of Sociology enables us to

  • Obtain possible theories and principles about society as well as various aspects of social life
  • Critically study the nature of humanity, which also leads to examining our roles within the society
  • Appreciate that all things (in society) are interdependent with each other
  • Broaden our familiarity on sociological facts, which are acquired through empirical process
  • Expose our minds to the different perspectives on attaining the truth
• Branches of Sociology

  • Social Organization
  • Social Psychology
  • Applied Sociology
  • Population Studies
  • Human Ecology
  • Sociological Theory and Research
  • Social Change
• Political Science


  The academic discipline that deals with the study of government and political processes, institutions, and behaviors
• Politics


  The art and science of governing city/state, the social process or strategy in any position of control which people gain, use, or lose power
• Government


  The agency to which the will of the state is formulated, expressed, and carried out, the organized agency in a state tasked to impose social control, a group of people that governs a community or unit
• The government exists for the benefit of the governed, not for the government officials to benefit from the people
• State


  A community of persons more or less numerous permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, having a government of their own to which the great body of inhabitants render obedience and enjoying freedom from external control
• Nation


  An ethnic concept which means that people are bound together by common ethnical elements such as race, language, and culture
• Sociology was derived from the Latin word "socius" meaning "associate"
• Politics originated from the Greek word "polis" which means "city" or "state"
• Elements of a State:

  • People
  • Territory
  • Sovereignty
  • Government
• Nation is a group of people with the same or common religion, race, literature, government, ethnicity, etc.
• Government creates, inforced, and apply laws
• 3 Branches of Government:

  • Legislative (The law making body)
  • Executive (carries out laws)
  • Judicial (Evaluates the laws)