PHYSICAL EDUCATION 2

• Types of sports


  • Individual sports
  • Dual sports
  • Team sports
  • Creative sports (e.g. dance aerobics, cheerleading, gymnastics)
  • Adventure sports (e.g. rock climbing, canoeing)
  • Combat sports (e.g. judo, boxing, karate, taekwondo)
• Individual sports


  • Require self-motivation, discipline, self-accountability, and self-confidence
  • Success and failure depend on the individual
• Dual and team sports


  • Winning or losing the game is dependent on the pair/team, not just one individual
  • Success or failure depends on the qualities and skills of each participant, along with mutual understanding, coordination, and collective effort of all the team members
• Individual sports


  • Table tennis, badminton, lawn tennis
• Dual sports


  • Badminton, lawn tennis
• Team sports


  • Cricket, football, hockey
• Locomotor skills


  Associated with body movements (e.g. galloping, running, sliding, skipping, leaping, jumping, landing)
• Non-locomotor skills


  Also known as statics (e.g. balance, weight transfer, curling, bending, stretching, twisting)
• Manipulative skills


  Involves the manipulation of an object (e.g. throwing, catching, dribbling, kicking, striking)
• Technical skills


  The fundamentals needed to play the game efficiently (e.g. dribbling, passing, shooting in basketball, serving, passing, setting, receiving, blocking, attacking/spiking, digging in volleyball, performing special tests/splinting in athletics)
• Tactical skills


  Putting the technical skills learned into action while playing the game, enabling decision-making and using strategies to take advantage of the opponent's weaknesses (also known as "game sense")
• It is important to always play sports safely to prevent accidents and injuries
• Safety reminders when playing sports

  • Check materials/equipment before the game
  • Perform proper warm-up
  • Secure the safety of the venue
  • Strictly follow rules, standards, and regulations
  • Use proper techniques and get skill analysis for improvement
  • Ask a professional/skilled individual for help to improve sports skills
• Other aspects to consider when learning sports

  • History of the sport
  • Court dimensions or venue
  • Equipment and gear involved
  • Technical and tactical skills
• Individual sports


  • Require the solitary player from both sides to have tremendous focus, discipline, resilience, determination, self-accountability, and self-confidence
  • The outcome of the game depends on one player
• Dual sports


  • Involve two competing pairs
  • The collective efforts of both players in the team dictate success or failure
• Examples of individual or dual sports

  • Table Tennis
  • Badminton
  • Running
  • Boxing
  • Golf
  • Cycling
  • Mixed martial arts (Judo, taekwondo, etc.)
• Skill-related physical fitness


  Sports involve physical activities that require skills and enhance physical fitness
• Components of skill-related physical fitness

  • Agility
  • Balance
  • Coordination
  • Power
  • Reaction time
  • Speed
• Factors influencing skill-related performance

  • Heredity
  • Practice
  • Specificity training
• Examples of dual sports for each skill-related fitness component

  • Agility: Lawn tennis
  • Balance: Cycling, Gymnastics
  • Coordination: Table Tennis
  • Power: Powerlifting
  • Reaction Time: Swimming
  • Speed: Athletics, Badminton
• Safety measures for individual and dual sports

  • Equipment providing safety
  • Hydration
  • Avoid strenuous activities and perform moderate-intensity physical action
  • Wear clothes depending on the weather condition
  • Avoid loitering around the venue
• Wear clothes depending on the weather condition


  One should wear clothes depending on weather conditions to make an individual feel comfortable and calm at the start of physical activities. On sunny days, light-weight and light colour clothes one should wear to avoid heat absorption and overheating. Sun protection protects from harmful UV rays of the sun. In cold weather, a thermal suit instead of thick clothes. Thick clothes constrain perspiration and cause a rise in body temperature, that is needed to be avoided by athletes during matches. Moreover, maintaining proper hygiene and care is recommended.
• Avoid loitering around the venue


  Hanging around the playing area doing nothing and hanging on the equipment doing nothing should be avoided.
• Skills for playing badminton

  • Grip
  • Handshake Grip (forehand and backhand)
  • Ready Position and Footwork
  • Serve
  • Long Serve
  • Short Serve (forehand and backhand)
  • Forehand and Backhand Overhead Stroke
  • Forehand and Backhand Clear
  • Forehand and Backhand Drop
  • Forehand and Backhand Smash
  • Forehand and Backhand Drive
• Skills for playing table tennis

  • Grip
  • Handshake Grip (forehand and backhand)
• Opponent keeps distracting you during chess

  Block and Tackle!
• Team sports involve the participation of more than two players. Hence success and failure are dependent on the whole team and not only on an individual. Many variables dictate the success or failure of the group. These variables are the qualities and skills of the participant, along with mutual understanding, coordination, and the total performance of all the team players.
• Examples of team sports

  • Football
  • Basketball
  • Cricket
• Skills used in basketball

  • Footwork
  • Pivoting
  • Catching the ball
  • Dribbling
  • Passing
  • Shooting
  • Rebounding
• Skills used in softball


  • Throwing
  • Catching
  • Fielding fly balls and ground balls
  • Playing catcher
  • Pitching
  • Batting
  • Baserunning
  • Sliding
• Skills used in volleyball

  • Stance (ready position of the body and foot)
  • Service (underhand, sidearm, and overhand serve)
  • Tossing (underhand and overhead or finger toss)
  • Passing/receiving (forearm pass, overhead, and dig pass)
  • Attacking
  • Blocking
  • Defensive skills (rolling/sliding)
• Arnis


  The national martial art of the Philippines that uses sticks and hands to defend and strike back
• Arnis is the national sport of the Philippines under Republic Act 9850
• Arnis


  • It shows fighting with weapons such as knives, bladed weapons, sticks, or other improvised weapons
  • It includes grappling, pacifying of weapons, and hand combat
  • The main purpose of Arnis is for self-defense
• On December 11, 2009, Arnis was declared as the Philippine national martial art and sport
• Padded


  One of the pieces of equipment in Arnis
• Proper Grip in Arnis

  Hold the Arnis stick with four fingers, with the palm blade 2-3 inches away from the stick or baton, and the thumb over the forefinger
• Arnis stick


  Made of rattan stick, called a cane or baston (baton), usually 28 inches in length
• Basic stances in Arnis

  • Fighting stance
  • Forward stance
  • Backward stance