Elizabeth

• 1554 -> Elizabeth accused of conspiring against half sister
• 1536 -> Henry declared Elizabeth illegitimate
• 1558 -> Elizabeth became queen
• 1558 -> the French conquered Calais
• 1558 -> Mary queen of scots married French heir
• late 1550s -> Scottish protestants rebelled against French rule
• 1562-1598 -> French wars of religion
• until 1530s england was catholic
• 1559 -> act of supremacy
• 1559 -> act of uniformity and royal injunctions
• 1560s -> Vestment controversy
• 1565 -> Elizabeth ordered arch bishop of Canterbury to ensure all priests wore the surplice
• 1567 -> Darnely was murdered
• 1570 -> pope excommunicated Elizabeth
• 1571 -> ridolfi plot
• 1583 -> >Throckmorton plot
• 1586 -> Babington plot
• 1581 -> protestant rebels in the Netherlands declared independence from spain
• 1586-1587 -> Dudleys unsuccessful campaigns in the Netherlands
• 1885 -> treaty of Nonsuch
• april 1857 -> Drake sailed to Cadiz
• 1588 -> armada
• 1570s -> first theatres
• 1563 -> poor laws gave magistrates the power to raise local funds for poor relief and fined those who refused to pay
• 1572 -> poor laws gave local council officials authority about how much should be paid
• 1577-80 drakes circumnavigation of the world
• 1585 -> settlers established a colony or roanoke
• 1590 -> supply ships finally reached roanoke -> all planters has gone
• The privy council was a group of twenty of the Queens most trusted advisors
• Parliament was made up of members of the nobility and the gentry
• the queen needed parliaments consent to pass laws and to raise taxes. She only summoned it 13 times during 44 year reign
• The queen relied on members on the nobility and gentry to enforce law and order
• Elizabeth used patronage to ensure the support of the nobility and the gentry. This often involved handing out titles and offices that gave the holder a source of income. Elizabeth distributed patronage widley to ensure no one felt left out - helped ensure political stability.
• local government posts like the justice of peace and the sheriff were unpaid, but many men volunteered in order to increase their local power and influence
• Justices of peace enforced law, provided for the poor and ensured roads and bridges were maintained
• there were social and economic divisions when Elizabeth came to the throne
• The English population had been steadily rising since around 1500, most people lived and worked in rural areas, but towns and cities were growing rapidly.
• the economy was dominated with agriculture, but farming practises were changing. the export of woollen cloth was also very important and merchants were also beginning to explore trade with the americas and Asia
• Elizabeth society was dominated by a small land owning aristocracy of nobility and gentry. There was also an increasing number of men earning money from being lawers and merchants
• Elizabeth was very cautious and only trusted a few advisors