Pancreas lec
Cards (11)
- Pancreas
- Involved in digestive process
- Located outside the GI system
- Composed of exocrine tissues (carbohydrate metabolism) and endocrine tissues (enzymes for digestion process)
- Pancreas
- Weights about 70 to 105 g
- Second size only to the liver
- Located behind the peritoneal cavity
- Across the upper abdomen
- About at the level of first and second lumbar vertebrae
- About 1-2 inches above the umbilicus
- Located in the curve made by the duodenum
- Liver and PancreasCombine to produce bile and enzymes that enter the alimentary tract through the Ampulla of Vater
- Food entering the duodenum1. Bolus of food enters through the pylorus (fibrous restrictor)2. Pylorus relaxes in response to duodenal release of CCK (Cholecystokinin)
- Endocrine Pancreas
- Hormone releasing
- 2% of total tissue
- Consists of islets of Langerhans
- Composed of five known cell types: Alpha - glucagon, Beta- insulin, Delta- somatostatin, Gamma - PP, Epsilon - Ghrelin
- Exocrine Pancreas
- Enzyme secreting
- 98% of the tissue
- Secretes about 1.5 to 2 L/d of fluid (digestives enzymes-duodenum)
- Produced by pancreatic acinar cells (grape-like clusters)
- Pancreatic fluid
- Clear, colorless, watery
- Alkaline pH (up to 8.3)
- High concentration of bicarbonate
- Neutralize the hydrochloric acid in gastric fluid from the stomach
- Pancreatic digestive enzymes
- Proteolytic Enzymes: trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, collagenase, leucine, amino peptidase
- Lipid Digesting Enzymes: lipase, lecithinase
- Carbohydrate splitting: amylase
- Nucleases: ribonuclease
- Pancreatic Activity
- Nervous and endocrine Control
- Secretin- bicarbonate rich pancreatic fluid
- Cholecystokinin- in the presence of fats and a.a (release of enzymes from the acinar cells)
- Pancreatic diseases
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Pancreatic Carcinoma
- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
- Pancreatitis
- Steatorrhea
- Tests of Pancreatic Function
- Cholecystokinin (CKK) Test
- Fecal Fat Analysis
- Sweat Electrolyte Testing
- Serum Enzymes