P6 - Models and Matter

• Hooke's law is the relationship between extension and force applied to a spring.
• The equation for Hooke's Law is F = kx, where F is the force applied, x is the extension, and k is the spring constant.
• Energy = Mass x Temperature change x Specific Hest Capacity
• Specific heat capacity (SHC) is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a substance by one degree Celsius
• Thermal conductivity is how well materials transfer thermal energy from hotter areas to cooler ones
• Specific Latent Heat is the amount of energy needed to change the state of 1kg of a substance without changing its temperature
• Density = Mass/Volume
• Pressure = Force / Area
• The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J/Kg degrees celcius
• Energy = 0.5 x Spring constant x extension^2
• Mass is the amount of matter
• Volume is the amount of space that an object or material occupies
• Weight is the force of the gravitational attraction on a mass
• Density is the mass per unit volume of a material
• The specific latent heat of fusion refers to when a state changes through melting or freezing (Solid -> Liquid or Solid <- Liquid)
• The specific latent heat of vaporisation refers to when a state changes through evaporation or condensation (Liquid -> Gas or Liquid <- Gas)
• Thermal conductivity is the ability of a substance to transfer thermal energy by conduction
• Gases exert pressure on a container and can be increased by:

  • Increasing the heat/energy which means the particles move more quickly and therefore collide with the surface of the container more frequently and with more force
  • Increasing the concentratio meaning there are more particles a given space meaning more collisions
  • Decreasing the volume which means there is a smaller surface area and the particles will collide more often
• Specific latent heat:

  A) Gas

  B) Liquid

  C) Solid

  D) Melting

  E) Freezing

  F) Sublimation

  G) Evaporating

  H) Condensing

  I) Sublimation