Final Exam - 1370

• Digital transformation (DT)


  Integration of digital tech into all area of business changing how it operates/delivers value
• Information technology (IT)


  Computer based tool people use to work with information supporting processing info
• IT components


  • Hardware
  • Software
• Hardware


  Communication data
• Information system (IS)


  System collecting, storing, analyzing information for a purpose
• IS components


  • People
  • Hardware
  • Software
  • Procedures
• Social computing


  Type of IT combines social behaviour and IS creates value
• Conventional model


  Owner creates the value
• Social computing model


  Improving collaboration and interaction encourages user generated content (not anonymous) everyone is able to see the information
• Maximax decision maker


  • Goes for the highest maximum payoff
• Maximin decision maker


  • Selects the one with the highest minimum payoff
• Average decision maker


  • Takes the middle road – compromise
• IT platform


  IT components
• IT personnel


  • Analysts
  • Developers
• IT services


  IT personnel using components developing IS
• IT infrastructure


  Components + Personnel + Services
• Transaction processing systems


  IS that processes routine transaction to daily operations (McDonald's Kiosks)
• Functional area IS


  Collection of applications in a single department (HRIS)
• Enterprise resource planning systems

  Software solution that integrates business processes across an organization (TWS)
• Business intelligence


  Tech driven process for analyzing and visualizing business data to support decision making (Dashboards)
• Cardinality


  Maximum times an instance of one entity can be associated with an instance in a related entity
• Cardinality types


  • Single mandatory
  • Optional single
  • Many mandatory
  • Many optional
• Database systems


  • Minimize data redundancy, data isolation, data inconsistency
  • Maximize data security, data integrity, data independence
• Drill down


  Moving from a higher-level summary of data to a more detailed level (e.g. Country > Region > City; Year > Month > Week)
• Roll up


  Summarizing data at a higher level from a detailed level (e.g. City > Region > Country; Week > Month > Year)
• Data warehouse


  Central repository of information that can analyzed to make more informed decisions
• Knowledge management


  Process of organizing sharing collective knowledge
• Data Governance: everything you do to ensure data is secure, private, accurate,and  available
• Big Data: Large volumes of structured or unstructured data that are difficult to manage using traditional database techniques