INJURIES

• acute injury

  sudden injury associated with a traumatic event
• chronic injury

  slowly developed injury associated with overuse
• soft tissue

  damage to skin , muscle , tendon or ligament
• hard tissue

  damage to bone , joint , cartilage
• how many types of hard tissue injuries are there

  2 ( fracture and dislocation)
• fracture

  partial or complete break in bone due to excessive force that overcomes bones potential to flex
• compound fracture

  bone breaks through skin
• simple fracture

  skin is unbroken
• incomplete fracture

  partial crack
• complete fracture

  total break
• greenstick fracture

  splitting a partial break from bending action
• transverse fracture

  crack perpendicular across bone
• comminuted fracture

  multiple fragments
• impacted fracture

  break caused by ends of a bone being compressed together
• dislocation

  displacement of one bone from another out of position
• how many soft tissue injuries are there

  6
• contusion / haematoma

  localised congealed bleeding from ruptured blood vessels
• sprain

  overstretch or tear in ligament that connects bone to bone
• strain

  overstretch or tear in the tendon or muscle that connects muscle to bone
• blister

  friction forming separating layers of skin
• abrasion

  superficial damage to skin caused by scraping action
• concussion

  traumatic brain injury resulting in disturbance of brain function
• how many types of acute chronic injuries

  1
• stress fracture

  tiny crack in surface of bone caused by overuse
• how many soft tissue chronic injuries are there

  2
• shin splints

  inflammation of muscles and stress on the tendon attached to tibia surface
• tendinosis

  deterioration of a tendon in response to overuse and repetitive strain

  e.g tennis elbow and achilles tendon
• how to assess sporting injury 


  S-STOP GAME

  A-ASK

  L-LOOK

  T-TOUCH

  A-ACTIVE MOVEMENT

  P-PASSIVE MOVEMENT

  S-STRENGTH TESTING
• treatment of acute injury

  P-protection

  R-rest

  I-ice

  C-compression

  E-elevation
• 6 R's for concussion treatment

  R-RECOGNISE

  R-REMOVE from play

  R-REFER to doctors

  R-REST

  R-RECOVER

  R- RETURN
• stretching treatment

  acute injuries NO stretching -> price

  mid: static and active stretching

  later: strength and coordination focus , PNF static and active to desensitise the stretch reflec
• massage treatment

  realigns connective tissue fibres and flushing toxins from damaged area

  releases tension and pressure to increase elasticity
• heat therapy treatment

  vasodilation of blood vessels increasing blood flow , decreasing swelling and pain

  increase pain and swelling for acute injuries
• cold therapy treatment

  vasoconstriction of blood vessels decreasing blood flow , swelling and pain

  tissue and nerve damage if in contact for too long

  relieve symptoms of exercise induced muscle damage
• contrast therpay treatment

  large increase in blood flow in nutrient delivery to damaged tissue

  decreased pain and swelling -> limited benefit over cold therapy

  after bleeding and inflammation have stopped
• anti-inflammatory drugs treatment

  medication to reduce inflammation , temperature and pain

  e.g ibuprofen

  may cause nausea and headaches

  long term use should be monitored by healthcare professional
• physiotherapy treatment

  physical treatment of injuries and disease using masssge exercise and mobilisation

  • pain relief and decrease swelling
  • tailored exercises to maintain rotator cuff muscle
  • restore normal ROM , muscle length and connective tissue mobility
• surgery treatment 


  .
• treatment for a simple fracture

  WHAT : break in bone which causes little movement to bone placement

  CAUSE: excessive impact force from collision, falling or poor technique

  SIGNS & SYMPTOMS: severe pain , loss of movement and swelling

  TREATMENT : price , NSAIDS , immobilisation
• treatment for a stress fracture

  WHAT: tiny crack in bone surface

  CAUSE: overtraining and fatigue

  SIGNS & SYMPTOMS: specific spots of pain during activity increases

  TREATMENT: PRICE , rest , immobilisation and strengthening connective tissue