GEOL 1 CHAPTER 5

• OPEN EXCAVATION - WORK IS FREQUENTLY REGARDED AS THE RELATIVELY SIMPLE MATTER OF DIGGING A HOLE IN THE GROUND
• EXCAVATION OF ROCK - The process of removing rock from the ground by digging or drilling.
• OPEN CUT- A METHOD OF EXCAVATION BY WHICH MASSIVE AMOUNT OF EARTH EXCAVATED FROM A WORKSITE
• • DRAINAGE FACILITIES - AN IMPORTANT FEATURE OF ALL ROCK EXCAVATION WORK
• OPEN CUT- THE VOLUME TO BE REMOVED PER FOOT OF LENGTH IS NATURALLY MUCH GREATER THEN FOR AN EQUIVALENT TUNNEL
• • FLYSCH DEPOSITS - ALTERNATING SEQUENCES OF SHALE AND SANDSTONE
• • ROCK EXCAVATION - AN ELEMENTARY CONSTRUCTION OPERATION
• TUNNEL- UNIT COST OF EXCAVATION WILL BE HIGHER SINCE THE WORK WILL BE DONE WITH UNDERGROUND HAZARDS
• • BUILDING STONE - USUALLY OBTAINED FROM ESTABLISHED QUARRIES
• FILL FOR EMBARKMENTS- SOME OF THE MOST NOTABLE ADVANCES IN SOIL MECHANICS HAVE BEEN IN THE WAY IN WHICH SOIL IS "BARROWED" FROM ITS NATURAL LOCATION AND USED AS AN "ENGINEERED MATERIAL" IN CONSTRUCTION
• PROBLEMS WITH FAULTS- TROUBLES DUE TO EARTH MOVEMENTS WERE THEREFORE ANTICIPATED