Save
Chapter 2
Save
Share
Learn
Content
Leaderboard
Share
Learn
Created by
Lilah Rahaman
Visit profile
Cards (32)
Specialized cells
Different types of cells that make up complex
organisms
like animals and plants
View source
Examples of specialized cells in animals
Sperm
cells
Muscle
cells
Nerve
cells
View source
Examples of specialized cells in plants
Root hair cells
Phloem cells
Xylem cells
View source
Sperm cell
Has
half
the
genetic
material of a normal adult cell
Has a
flagellum
to swim
Is
streamlined
to swim
Has many
mitochondria
for energy
Has
digestive
enzymes to break into
egg
View source
Specialized cells
Have a specific role, shape, structure and organelle composition to fulfill that role
View source
Differentiation
The process by which a
cell
changes to become
specialized
View source
Zygote
The single
fertilized
egg cell that
life
starts from
View source
Cell differentiation
1.
Zygote
divides by
mitosis
2. Cells remain
identical
at first
3. Cells then undergo
differentiation
4. Cells become specialized like muscle, skin,
nerve
,
red blood
View source
Stem cells
Cells that can
repeatedly
divide by
mitosis
and differentiate into different specialized cell types
View source
Stem cells
Cells that can divide by
mitosis
to form more
cells
and can differentiate into specialized cells
View source
Stem cells
Can divide by
mitosis
to form more
cells
Can
differentiate
into specialized
cells
View source
Human life starts
1.
Sperm
cell fertilizes egg cell
2. Forms
zygote
3.
Zygote
divides by
mitosis
repeatedly
4. Forms
embryo
5.
Embryonic
stem cells can
differentiate
into any cell type
6. Cells continue to divide and
differentiate
7. After
9
months, baby is born
View source
Embryonic
stem cells
Stem cells found in the embryo that can
differentiate
into any cell type
View source
Adult stem cells
Stem cells found in adults that can only differentiate into a
narrow
range of cell types
View source
Adult stem cells
Stem cells found in
bone marrow
that can
differentiate
into blood cells
View source
Plant
stem cells
Stem cells found in
meristematic
tissues in plants that can
differentiate
into all the cells and tissues the plant needs
View source
Plant stem cells
persist for the plant's entire life, unlike embryonic stem cells which
disappear
by the time we're fully developed
View source
Stem cells
Cells that can divide by
mitosis
to produce more cells and can differentiate into different types of specialized
cells
View source
Types of stem cells
Embryonic
stem cells
Adult
stem cells
View source
Embryonic
stem cells
Found in the
early
embryo
Can
differentiate
into any type of specialized cell
View source
Adult stem cells
Found in the
bone marrow
Can only
differentiate
into different types of
blood
cells
View source
Many conditions are due to faulty cells that are
damaged
or don't
work properly
View source
Using stem cells to treat conditions
1.
Extract
stem cells
2.
Grow
them in a lab
3.
Stimulate
them to differentiate into desired cell type
4.
Transplant
into patient
View source
Conditions that could be treated with stem cells
Diabetes
Paralysis
Sickle cell anemia
View source
Using embryonic stem cells
Limited
supply
Ethical
issues
View source
Using embryonic stem cells
Risk of
rejection
by patient's
immune system
View source
Adult stem cells
Easy
to obtain
Won't cause
rejection
View source
Limitations of adult stem cells
Can only differentiate into
blood
cells
View source
Potential risks of using
stem cells
include
virus transmission
and tumor development
View source
Ethical objection to using embryonic stem cells
Embryos have
potential
for human
life
View source
Embryos
used for research are usually unwanted from
fertility
clinics that would otherwise be destroyed
View source
Stem cell research is tightly
regulated
in the UK with strict
rules
for scientists to follow
View source
See similar decks
Chapter7
Jane Eyre
6 cards
Chapter5
Jane Eyre
7 cards
Chapter 3🇺🇸
47 cards
chapter 4
DT
6 cards
chapter 5
DT
142 cards
chapter 3
anglo saxon and norman england
66 cards
Chapter 4
Untitled
21 cards
chapter 9 - timber
DT
73 cards
Chapter2
Jane Eyre
7 cards
Chapter 4🇺🇸
25 cards
Chapter 4
71 cards
Chapter4
Jane Eyre
6 cards
Chapter 2
RE
39 cards
Chapter 9
RE
61 cards
chapter 2
DT
37 cards
Chapter 2
English
6 cards
Bio chapter 18
86 cards
Chapter9
Jane Eyre
6 cards
Chapter3
Jane Eyre
8 cards
Chapter 1
Sports Studies
47 cards
chapter 1
English > The strange case of Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde
6 cards