General information

• 3 Main Branches of the Philippine Constitution

  • Legislative
  • Executive
  • Judicial
• Supreme Court


  Composed of 1 Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices, vested with the Judicial power
• President of the Philippines

  Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, vested with Executive power
• The term of office for the President and Vice-President is 6 years
• Congress of the Philippines

  Composed of a Senate and a House of Representatives, vested with the Legislative power
• Composition of the Senate

  • 24 senators with a term of office for 6 years
• Composition of the House of Representatives

  • 297 seats, 238 from district representatives and 59 from party-list representatives, members are elected for a 3 years term of office
• The House of Representatives have the exclusive power to initiate all cases of impeachment
• Religious and charitable institutions are exempted from real property tax if the lands, buildings, or improvements are actually, directly, and exclusively used for religious, charitable, or educational purposes
• The Congress, by a vote of two-thirds of both Houses in a joint session assembled, voting separately, shall have the sole power to declare a state of war
• Preamble


  Introduces the constitution and the source of sovereignty, the people
• Article III - Bill of Rights


  Enumerates specific protections against the abuse of state power
• Article IV - Citizenship


  Defines the citizenship of Filipinos, enumerates two kinds of citizens: natural-born citizens and naturalized citizens
• 3 inherent powers of the state

  • Power of Taxation
  • Power of Eminent Domain
  • Police Power
• Constitutional Commissions


  • Civil Service Commission
  • Commission on Elections
  • Commission on Audit
• Suffrage


  The right and obligation of all citizens, who are at least 18 years of age, and qualified by law, to vote in the election of national and local officials of the government without literacy, property, or other substantive requirements
• The Philippines has a land area of 300,000 sq km, 7,107 islands, and the highest peak is Mt. Apo at 2,964 m
• The Philippines has a Gross International Reserves of US$80.76B, Gross External Debt of US$75.308B, Annual GDP of US$330,846M, and Annual GDP % Growth of 5.2% as of 2015-2018
• The Philippines has a population of 106,651,922 people, a population density of 356 people per sq km, and a population yearly % change of 1.7% as of 2018
• Pen Names of Filipino Writers, Heroes, and Revolutionists

  • Jose Rizal: Dimasalang, Laong-laan
  • Marcelo Del Pilar: Plandel
  • Graciano Lopez Jaena: Diego Laura
  • Mariano Pance: Pedro Paterno
  • Jose Maria Panganiban: Juan Lung
  • Antonio Luna: Jose Palma
  • Andres Bonifacio: "Founder of Katipunan"
  • Emilio Jacinto: "Brains of the Katipunan"
  • Apolinario Mabini: "Brains of the Revolution"
  • Francisco Baltazar: Naning, Kalipulako, Tikbalang
  • Justo Desiderio Magalang: Jomapa, J.M.P., Buan, Taga-ilog, Anahaw, Agap-ito Bagumbayan, Dimas-law, Dimlas-llaw
• Works of Filipino Writers, Heroes, and Revolutionists

  • Jose Rizal: Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo
  • Marcelo Del Pilar: Diariong Tagalog
  • Graciano Lopez Jaena: Fray Butod, La Solidaridad (founder)
  • Mariano Pance: Ninay (first Flipino novel)
  • Jose Maria Panganiban: Articles for La Solidaridad
  • Antonio Luna: Himno Nacional Filipino
  • Andres Bonifacio: Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa, Kartilya ng Katipunan
  • Emilio Jacinto: Franciso Balagtas
  • Apolinario Mabini: Jose Corazon De Jesus
  • Francisco Baltazar: Florante at Laura, Ang isang punong kahoy
  • Justo Desiderio Magalang: Walang sugat, Mga Kwento ni Lola Basyang
• Filipino Artists


  • Julian Felipe: Music for the national anthem
  • Jose Palma: Lyrics for the national anthem
  • Marcela Agoncillo: Philippine flag
  • Juan Luna: Spoliarium
  • Fernando Amorsolo: Paintings of Philippine landscapes
  • Guillermo Tolentino: Bonifacio monument, UP Oblation
• Philippine Presidents & Vice-Presidents

  • First Republic (1899-1901): Emilio F. Aguinaldo, Mariano C. Trias
  • Commonwealth (1935-1946): Manuel L. Quezon, Sergio S. Osmeña, Sr., Jose P. Laurel
  • Third Republic (1946-1972): Manuel L. Roxas, Elpidio R. Quirino, Ramon F. Magsaysay, Carlos P. Garcia, Diosdado P. Macapagal, Ferdinand E. Marcos
  • Martial Law (1972-1986): Ferdinand E. Marcos, Arturo M. Tolentino
  • Fifth Republic (1986-present): Corazon Cojuangco-Aquino, Fidel V. Ramos, Joseph Ejercito Estrada, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, Benigno Simeon "Noynoy" Cojuangco Aquino III, Rodrigo "Rody" Roa Duterte, Ferdinand "Bongbong" Romualdez Marcos Jr.
• Natural, Cultural, & Historical Landmarks

  • Banaue Rice Terraces
  • Chocolate Hills
  • Hundred Islands
  • Mayon Volcano
  • Rizal Park
  • Fort Santiago
  • Tirad Pass
  • Magellan's Cross
  • Malacañan Palace
• Role


  • Greek Name
  • Roman Name
• Zeus is the King of the Gods
• Poseidon is the God of the Sea
• Aphrodite is the Goddess of Love
• Hades is the God of the Underworld
• Persephone is the Goddess of the Underworld
• Athena is the Goddess of Wisdom
• Eros is the God of Love
• Gaia is the Goddess of Earth
• Hypnos is the God of Sleep
• Helios is the God of the Sun
• Artemis is the Goddess of the Hunt
• Uranus is the Father of the Titans
• Cronus is the Youngest Son of Uranus and Father of Zeus
• Rhea is the Mother of Zeus and Wife of Cronus
• Apollo is the God of Music and Medicine