Biochemistry

• Glycine


  Non-Polar —Akyl Side Group

  
• Alanine


  Non-polar, Akyl Side Group

  
• Valine


  Non-polar, Akyl Side Group

  
• Leucine


  Non-polar, akyl side group

  
• Isoleucine


  Non-polar, akyl side group

  
• Methionine


  Non-polar, akyl side group

  
• Proline


  Non-polar, akyl side group

  
• Phenylalanine


  Non polar, aromatic side group

  
• Tryptophan


  Non polar, aromatic side group

  
• Serine


  Hydroxyl group

  
• Threonine


  Hydroxyl group

  
• Tyrosine


  Hydroxyl group

  
• Cysteine


  Sulfurhydryl group

  
• Asparagine


  Carboxamide Group

  
• Glutamine 


  Carboxamide group

  
• Aspartate


  Charged side chains- Acidic

  
• Glutamate


  Charged side chain - acidic

  
• Lysine


  Charged side chains - basic

  
• Arginine


  Charged side chains - basic

  
• Histidine


  Charged side chains - basic

  
• Lipids


  Lipids play several essential roles in biological systems, contributing to various physiological processes and maintaining overall health
• Lipids


  • Energy storage
  • Structural component of cell membranes
  • Insulation and temperature regulation
  • Protection and cushioning
  • Hormone synthesis
  • Cell signaling
  • Vitamin absorption
  • Buoyancy
  • Protection of organs
  • Long-term fuel reserve
• Proteins


  Essential macromolecules with diverse functions in biological systems
• Proteins


  • Enzymes
  • Structural support
  • Transportation
  • Immune defense
  • Cell signaling
  • Muscle contraction
  • Hormone regulation
  • Cellular structure and function
  • Fluid balance
  • Gene expression and regulation
• Keratin


  Fibrous structural protein that serves as the main component of hair, nails, and the outer layer of skin
• Insulin


  Hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels
• Hemoglobin


  Protein found in red blood cells that binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to tissues and organs throughout the body
• Pepsin


  Enzyme produced by the stomach that plays a key role in the digestion of proteins
• Fibrinogen


  Glycoprotein found in blood plasma that plays a critical role in the blood clotting process
• Cholesterol


  Type of fat that is crucial for various bodily functions
• Carnauba


  Natural wax derived from the leaves of the carnauba palm tree, used for protective coatings
• Linoleic Acid


  Omega-6 fatty acid that is essential for the body's overall health
• Saponification


  Chemical process of making soap from fats and oils by reacting them with an alkali
• Egg Yolk


  Contains a high concentration of lecithin, a type of phospholipid that plays a crucial role in the emulsification and absorption of fats
• Saturated fatty acids are found in meat and dairy products
• Choline deficiency among infants may lead to hemolysis
• Linolenic Acid is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized in the body and must be supplied from the food we eat
• Sphingomyelin-Neimann Pick disease


  • Occurs in lysosomes within cells throughout the body, affecting various organs
  • Caused by a deficiency of the enzyme acid sphingomyelinase
  • Affects primarily the liver, spleen, and brain, leading to hepatosplenomegaly and neurological symptoms
• Gaucher's disease


  • Deficient in the enzyme glucocerebrosidase
  • Leads to the accumulation of glucocerebroside in cells, causing hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and bone abnormalities
• Tay-Sach's Disease


  • Deficient in the enzyme hexosaminidase A
  • Symptoms include progressive neurological deterioration, developmental regression, and eventual death, typically by the age of 4