Morphology of Microorganism

• Staphylococcus round shape bacteria in cluster or grapelike
• Streptococcus - round shape bacteria in chain
• Diplococcus round shape bacteria in pair
• Tetrads round shape bacteria in a group of four
• Sarcina round shape bacteria in a group of eight
• Coccobacillus rod shape bacteria that is short an plum
• Streptobacillus rod shape bacteria in chain
• Diplobacillus rod shape bacteria in pair
• Spore forming rod shape bacteria with spores
• Vibrio curved rods
• Spirillum - spiral or coil
• Pleomorphic - palisade arrangement
• Streptomycetes - Mycetes filamentous bacteria
• Neisseria gonorrheae cells in pairs
• Gaffkya tetragena cells in group of four
• Staphylococcus aureus cells in clusters
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis cells in pairs
• Streptococcus pyogenes cells in chain
• Sarcina Lutea cells in group of 8
• Fimbriae - Hair-like structures on the surface of the cell which enables bacteria to anchor themselves to surfaces and host cells.
• Endospores- Structures produced by some species of bacteria as a mean for survival which are resistant to heat, cold, drying, and most chemicals.
• Volutin - Serves as phosphate reserves in some bacterial species
• Flagella - Thread-like appendages which functions in movement of the cell.
• Nucleoid - The distinct area inside the bacterial cell where the single, long, circular DNA is lodged.
• Slime layer A layer of glycocalyx which is not highly organized, diffused and irregular in structure.
• Cell wall - The protective layer outside the bacterial cell rich in peptidoglycan.
• Magnetosomes - Used by some magnetotactic bacteria to align themselves according to the magnetic poles.
• Plasma membrane - A selectively permeable membrane which surrounds the cytoplasm and separates it from the external environment.
• Plasmids - Small circular molecules of DNA that are not part of the chromosome
• Sex pilus specialized projection of the plasma membrane involved in the transfer of genetic materials from one bacterial cell to another.
• Capsule - The highly organized, gelatinous layer of glycocalyx which is firmly attached to the cell wall and serves antiphagocytic function.
• Carboxysomes - Present inside photosynthetic bacteria containing the RUBISCO enzyme for carbon fixation.
• Ribosomes - The sites where proteins are made.
• Lipid A - Present in Gram-negative cell wall that acts as an endotoxin.
• Cell wall - protective envelope mad of peptidoglycan
• Flagella - used in locomotion of the bacterial cell
• Glycocalyx - also known as slime layer or capsule depending on their organization.
• Fimbriae - hair like structure at the bacterial cell surface for their adhesion surfaces.
• Pilus/sex pilus - bacterial cell appendage used in transferring plasmids during conjugation.