Respiratory

• Cutaneous Respiratory System


  The skin or the body surface. The thin surface leads to the organism breathing through their skin.
• Branchial Respiratory System


  Includes the book gills and gills.
• Tracheal Respiratory System


  Found in centipedes, millipedes, some insects, and spiders. The trachea uses thin-walled branching and interconnecting air tubes.
• Pulmonary Respiratory System


  Includes book lungs, pulmonary sacs, and true lungs.
• Gas exchange


  Oxygen that enters the alveoli dissolves in the moist film lining in the inner surface and rapidly diffuses into the web of capillaries that surrounds the alveoli.
• Oxygen flows from the alveoli


  Where oxygen concentration is higher to the blood in the capillaries where oxygen concentration is lower.
• Function of the heart


  • Pumps blood throughout the body
  • Blood delivers oxygen, hormones, glucose into other parts of the human body, including the heart
  • Ensures that there is adequate blood pressure maintained in the body.
• The heart


  • A muscular organ that is about the size of a clenched fist
  • Has two upper chambers called atria and lower chambers called ventricles
  • The chambers are separated by a septum to separate the oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood to prevent it from becoming toxic.
• Parts of the heart

  • Atrium/Atria
  • Ventricles
  • Inferior Vena Cava
  • Superior Vena Cava
  • Right Atrium
  • Left Atrium
  • Right Ventricle
  • Left Ventricle
  • Pulmonary Artery
  • Pulmonary Veins
  • Aorta
• Atrioventricular Valves


  • Tricuspid Valve
  • Mitral Valve
• Semilunar Valves


  • Aortic Valve
  • Pulmonary valve
• The presence of the septum shows the difference within the different kinds of hearts.
• Fish, amphibians, and reptiles are cold blooded mammals and birds are warm blooded, which is why it is important not to have a mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
• Blood Vessels


  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Capillaries
• Blood Components


  • Red Blood Cells
  • White Blood Cells
  • Platelets
• Before blood gets assimilated, it goes through the kidney to filter the blood of unnecessary materials. Kidneys unable to filter blood have to undergo dialysis.