masonry unite

• Lesson 04: MASONRY UNITS

  • Masonry
  • Brick Masonry
  • Stone Masonry
  • Concrete Masonry Unit
  • Ceramic Tiles
  • Clay Roof Tiles
  • Roof Shingles
  • Paving Units
• Masonry


  Building with units of various materials, natural or manufactured, usually with the use of mortar as a bonding agent
• Brick


  A masonry unit of clay, formed into a rectangular prism while plastic and hardened by drying in the sun or firing in a kiln
• Brick Production

  1. Brick Forming (Molding)

  2. Brick Drying

  3. Final Product
• Methods of Brick Forming

  • Soft-Mud
  • Sand-Struck
  • Water-Struck
  • Stuff-Mud
  • Dry Process
• Methods of Brick Drying

  • Sun Drying
  • Kiln Drying or Autoclave
• Flashing


  Firing brick alternately with too much or too little air to vary face color
• Cull


  Rejected due to inferior quality
• Parts of Brick Masonry (Wall)

  • Wythe or "Withe"
  • Course
  • Range
  • Closer
  • Joint (Bed Joint, Head Joint, Collar Joint)
• Types of Bricks

  • Common brick
  • Facing brick (FBX, FBS, FBA, SW, MW, NW)
  • Firebrick
• Brick Sizes

  • Modular
  • Norman
  • Structural clay research (SCR)
  • Engineered
  • Norwegian
  • Roman
  • Economy
• Brick Working - Brick Laying

  • Exposed Face (Stretcher, Header, Soldier, Sailor, Rowlock, Shiner)
  • Cut Bricks (Soap, Bat)
• Brick Joints

  • Tooled Joint (Concave, V-joint, Raked)
  • Troweled Point (Weather, Flush, Struck)
  • Point or Pointing (Tuck, Tuck and Pat, Bastard, Flat joint)
• Brick Bonding

  • Running bond
  • Stack bond
  • Common Bond
  • Flemish Bond (Flemish Cross Bond, Flemish Diagonal Bond)
  • English Bond (English Cross bond)
  • Garden Wall
• Types of Brick Wall Masonry

  • Solid Masonry
  • Composite Wall (Faced Wall, Cavity Wall, Veneered Wall, Grouted Masonry, Reinforced Grouted Masonry)
• Stone


  Rock or piece of rock quarried and worked into a specific size and shape for particular purpose

  
• Production of Masonry Stone

  • Fieldstone
  • Dimension Stone
  • Dressed Stone
  • Finished Stone (Cut stone)

  
• Types of Rock/Stone According to Formation

  • Sedimentary (Limestone, Sandstone)
  • Metamorphic (Marble, Verd Antique, Slate, Quartzite, Gneiss)
  • Igneous (Granite, Obsidian, Malachite, Serpentine)

  
• Grout pour


  Total height to be filled with grout
• Faced Wall


  • Cavity Wall
  • Grouted Masonry
  • Veneered Wall
• Metamorphic


  Undergone changes in texture, structure, or composition due to natural agents, moderate hardness
• Igneous


  Crystalized molten magma
• Rubble


  Rough fragments of broken stone or the masonry built of such stone

  
• Types of Rubble

  • Random
  • Coursed
  • Squared
  • Cyclopean
• Ashlar


  Squared building stone finely dressed on all faces adjacent to those of other stone so as to permit very thin mortar joints
• Types of Ashlar

  • Random
  • Coursed
  • Broken
• Squared


  Joints having sharp corners creating a flush faces
• Rusticated


  Visible faces of dressed stone raised or contrasted with joints
• Types of Rustication

  • Pitch-Faced
  • Sunk Draft
• Draft


  Line or border as a guide for the stonecutter in leveling surfaces
• Draft Margin

  Smooth uniform margin
• Types of Stone Surface Treatment

  • Sawn Finish
  • Flame Finish (Thermal finish)
  • Tooled Finish
  • Rough Finish
  • Smooth Finish
• Concrete Masonry Units (CMU)


  Precast masonry unit of Portland cement, fine aggregate, and water, molded into various shapes
• Hollow Masonry Unit (Concrete Hollow Block or CHB)


  Net cross-sectional area ≤ 75% gross cross-sectional area
• Solid Masonry Unit

  Net cross-sectional area ≥ 75% gross cross-sectional area
• Types of CMU by Use/Form (for walls)

  • Stretcher Block
  • Partition Block
  • Bullnose Block
  • Corner Block
  • Return-Corner Block
  • Double-Corner Block
  • Open-end Block
  • Sash or Jamb Block
  • Header Block
  • Bond Block
  • Lintel Block
  • Cap/Solid Top Block
  • Sound-Absorbing Masonry Unit
  • Control-Joint Block
  • Screen
  • Concrete Brick Solid Sand-Line Block
  • Slump Block
  • Pilaster Block
  • Coping Block
  • Sill Block
• Types of CMU by Grades

  • Grade N
  • Grade S
• Types of CMU by Moisture Content

  • Type I
  • Type II
• Types of CMU by Weight

  • Normal Weight
  • Lightweight
• Types of CMU by Finishes

  • Split-face
  • Faced
  • Scored
  • Shadow