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unit 2 biology
2.6 biology
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Red blood cells
Cells in the blood that carry
oxygen.
They have a
biconcave
shape,
no
nucleus and contain
haemoglobin.
White blood cells
Cells in the
blood
that make up the
immune system
by destroying pathogens.
Oxyhaemoglobin
The substance produced when
oxygen
binds
with
haemoglobin
in the
lungs.
Haemoglobin
The substance that carries
oxygen
in
red blood cells.
Biconcave
The
shape
of red blood cells to increase their
surface area.
Pathogens
Disease
causing
microbes.
Lymphocytes
White blood cell that produces
antibodies.
Phagocytes
White blood cell that
engulfs
pathogens
during
phagocytosis.
Antibody
Protein that is produced by
lymphocytes
to destroy
pathogens.
Valves
Prevent the
backflow
of
blood.
They are found in veins and there are
four
in the heart.
Vena cava
Largest
vein in the body. Brings
deoxygenated
blood
back
to the
heart
from the body.
Aorta
Largest
artery in the body. Brings
oxygenated
blood
from
the heart
to
the body.
Pulmonary
artery
Artery that takes
deoxygenated
blood from the
heart
to the
lungs.
Pulmonary vein
Vein that takes
oxygenated
blood from the
lungs
back to the
heart.
Coronary arteries
Blood vessels
that supply the heart muscle with
blood.
Arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood
away
from the
heart
under
high
pressure. They have a
narrow
central channel and
thick
,
muscular
walls.
Veins
Blood vessels that carry blood
back
to the
heart
under a
low
pressure. They have
thinner walls
, a
wider
channel and contain
valves.
Capillaries
Thin
walled blood vessels that have a
large
surface area, forming
networks
at tissues and organs to allow
efficient exchange
of materials.
Ventricle
Chamber that
pumps blood
out of the
heart.
Atrium
Chamber that receives
blood
from the
veins.
In the lungs
Oxygen
+
haemoglobin
-> oxyhaemoglobin
In the body cells
Oxyhaemoglobin ->
oxygen
+
haemoglobin
The
left
ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle as it has to
pump blood
all
around
the
body.