unit: 5 Adolescence

Cards (72)

  • Adolescence
    Developmental transition between childhood and adulthood entailing major physical, cognitive, and psychological changes
  • Physical Development (Puberty)

    1. Pubertal biological change
    2. Attainment of sexual maturity and ability to reproduce
  • Adrenarche
    The maturing of the adrenal glands
  • Hormonal Changes in Puberty
    • Increase in androgen
    • Increased metabolism, immune system, blood pressure response to stress
  • Gonadarche
    The maturing of sex organs
  • Primary sex characteristics
    Organs directly related to reproduction, which enlarge and mature during adolescence
  • Secondary sex characteristics
    Physiological signs of sexual maturation (such as breast development & growth in body hair) that do not involve the sex organs
  • Adolescent growth spurt
    Sharp increase in height and weight that precedes sexual maturity
  • Spermarche
    Boy's first ejaculation
  • Menarche
    Girl's First Menstruation
  • Benefits of regular exercise

    • Improved strength and endurance
    • Healthier bones and muscles
    • Weight control
    • Reduced anxiety and stress
    • Increased self esteem, school grades, and well being
  • Recommended sleep for adolescents
    13 to 18 should regularly sleep a minimum of 8 to 10 hours per 24-hour period
  • Body Image
    Descriptive and evaluative beliefs about one's appearance
  • Anorexia Nervosa
    Eating disorder characterized by self starvation
  • Bulimia Nervosa
    Eating disorder in which a person regularly eats huge quantities of food and then purges the body by laxatives, induced vomiting, fasting, or excessive exercise
  • Binge Eating Disorder
    Eating disorder in which a person loses control over eating and binges huge quantities of food
  • Binge drinking
    Consuming 5 or more drinks (for men) or 4 or more drinks (for women) on one occasion
  • Marijuana
    Most widely used illicit drug in United States
  • Across the world, depression is a leading cause of death and disability in teens
  • Girls have a greater vulnerability
    To death in adolescence
  • Causes of death in adolescence
    • Vehicle accidents
    • Suicide
    • Homicide
  • Having a firearm
    Increases risk of suicide
  • Adolescents
    Girls More likely to attempt suicide but tend to use less lethal methods such as suffocation or poisoning, making them more likely to survive
  • Although boys are less likely to attempt suicide, their greater propensity to use firearms results in a higher chance of a successful attempt
  • Formal operations
    Piaget's final stage of cognitive development, characterized by the ability to think abstractly
  • Hypothetical deductive reasoning
    Ability, described by Piaget, to develop and test hypotheses
  • By ages 16 to 18, the average young person knows approximately 80,000 words
  • As children attain higher cognitive levels, they become capable of more complex reasoning about moral issues
  • Adolescents attain moral development because of higher cognitive levels, they become capable of more complex reasoning about moral issues
  • Prosocial moral reasoning
    is a reasoning about moral dilemmas in which one person's needs conflict with those of others in situations
  • Kohlberg's 6 stages of  moral reasoning 

    Preconventional
    1 Orientation toward punishment and obedience 2. Instrumental purpose and exchange
    Conventional
    3. Mutual relations & approval of others
    4. Social concern nad conscience
    Post conventional
    5. Morality contract, of individual rights of democratically accepted law
    6. Universal principles
  • Cosmic
    7th stage of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg
  • Self- efficacy
    Sense of one's capability to master challenges and achieve goals
  • 6 influences on academic achievement 
    1 student motivation and self efficacy
    2 gender
    3 technological influences
    4 parent and peer influence
    5 race and ethnicity
    6 school
  • Spill over effect
    Experiences in different context influence each other
  • Identity vs identity confusion
    Erikson's psychosocial stage in adolescence
  • Identity
    Erikson's definition of coherent conception of self
  • Fidelity
     Sustained loyalty, faith, or sense of belonging that results from successful resolution of eriksons identity vs identity confusion
  • James E. Marcia
    Distinguished 4 types of identity status
  • Crisis and commitment
    Element of identity status