TLE (Drafting)

• Drawing paper


  • Hard and soft surface drawing papers are highly recommended to be the best
  • This type does not groove easily when pressure is applied to the pencil
  • Oslo paper is commonly used
  • Bond paper is also recommended
• Masking tape


  • Used for fastening the drawing paper on the drawing table or drawing board
  • Does not damage the board
  • Does not damage the paper if it is removed by pulling it off
• Pencil sharpener


  • Pencils should be sharpened whenever they show sign of dullness
  • Various types and designs are available in the store for use
• Eraser


  • Used to clean the dirt off the drawing
  • A soft eraser is advantageous in removing smudges and pencil marks
  • A harder eraser is useful for making changes and correcting errors in the drawing
• Drawing pencil


  • Comes in various grades
  • The grade of pencil to be used depends on the quality of paper to be used
  • The type of linework required must also be considered
  • Hard pencils are used where extreme accuracy is required
  • Medium pencils are used for general purpose work in drawing
  • Soft pencils are too soft to be used in mechanical drafting, but very useful for art work
• Triangular Scales


  • Used when reproducing a drawing in an enlarged or reduced form to some regular proportion
  • The architect's scale is the most commonly used for general drawing
  • Its main function is to reproduce the measurements of an object in full size, reduced size, and enlarged size
• T - Square


  • Used when making horizontal lines
  • Used for guiding triangles when drawing vertical lines
  • Made of wood, plastic or the combination of both
  • Fixed Head - The head is fastened to the blade, used for ordinary work
  • Movable Head or Adjustable Head - Has one fixed and one adjustable head, used only for occasional drawing
  • Detachable Head or Removable Head - Designed for comfort when carrying the T-square
• Triangle


  • Three-sided ruler
  • Typically has two equal sides meeting at a 90-degree angle and to a third side at 45, 30, including 60-degree angles
  • Usually made of plastic and comes in different sizes
  • The base of the triangle must rest on the blade of the T-square when in use
  • Drawing a line always starts from the point near the base going upward
  • Commonly used triangles are 30 degrees X 60 degrees and 45 degrees X 45 degrees
• Compass


  • Used when drawing arcs and circles
  • Used in a similar way to a divider
  • Composed of one with the pen leg and the needle point leg being held together with a handle
  • Can be used for both penciling and inking
• Divider


  • Used when transferring measurements, dividing lines and arcs into the desired number of equal parts
  • Can easily transfer accurate measurements by adjusting the divider points
  • Constant correct practice is necessary before doing an actual work for a quick and easy control when use
• Protractor


  • Semi-circular instrument divided into 180 equal parts, each of which is called a degree
  • Used to determine gradations of the degrees when measuring arcs, angles and circles
  • High quality protractor is usually made of plastic
• Inventory


  Idle stock of physical goods that contain economic value and are held in various forms by an organization in its custody awaiting packing, processing, transformation, use, or sale at a future point in time
• Inventory Form


  Contains information about items (name, number, sales and purchase information, and cost of goods sold account information) that any business purchases for sale, tracks in inventory, and displays on a balance sheet
• Requisition Slip Form


  An official paper in the form of a printed document on which a request is made
• Purchase Requisition Form


  A document submitted by an employee to request the purchase of goods or services on behalf of the company
• Delivery Receipt Form


  • Shows proof or receipt of goods or services
  • The receiver acknowledges receiving a consignment of goods from the supplier
  • The buyer signs it before it is returned to the seller
  • This officially takes care of uncertainties on the part of the supplier who gets to know the safe and timely arrival of goods to their designated destination
• Borrowers slip


  • A practice of displaying that you are borrowing something
  • Can be used in borrowing equipment in a laboratory or in other offices
• Lettering

  • It is the process of forming letters, numerals, and other characters used in technical drawing.
  • It is the act or process of inscribing or making letters
  • It is how most communication is done in Technical Drawing and it must always be neat and easy to read.
• Methods of Lettering

  • Freehand Lettering
  • Mechanical Lettering
  • Modern Drawing
• Freehand Lettering

  • It is done without the assistance of tools
  • Vertical capital letters are preferred for most technical work. They performed within a 6x6 grid.
• Mechanical Lettering

  • It is done with the aid of tools, such as lettering guides, templates, etc.
• Modern Drawing

  • It is a type of lettering that was done with the computer-aided software
• Dimensions of Letters

  • Nominal Size - defined by the height(h) of the outline contour of the uppercase (Capital)
  • Center Line - It is the imaginary line in the middle of each line or line element, which is a constitutive part of a graphic character set.
  • Lettering Angle - The letter may be vertical (upright) or inclined (sloped) to the right from 75 degrees horizontal
• CLASSIFICATION OF LETTER STYLES

  • Lettering by hand is an art form that has been transferred to the computer using fonts to replace handwritten letters.
  • Lettering refers to both the different styles of letters used in written content and the actual act of creating those letters.
• 1. SERIF

  • Serif lettering styles are letters that have tails on them.
  • Tails are decorative, often curved flourishes found at the end of a letter's descending stroke, which may rest on or below your baseline.
  • Popular serif fonts or letter styles include Times New Roman, Bodini and Baskerville

  
• 2. SANS SERIF

  • Sans Serif lettering is a style that has no tails on the letters. These letters are made of straight lines. Popular lettering styles or fonts that fall into this category include Courier, Gill Sans and Ariel

  
• 3. GOTHIC STYLES

  • Gothic style lettering typically features very sharp edges, based on the styles of Gothic architecture.
  • Gothic lettering is often used for headlines and titles, but it doesn't work well for body text.

  
• 4. ITALIC

  • All SLANTING letters are classified as Italics.

  
• 5. TEXT

  • Text - this term includes all styles of OLD ENGLISH

  
• 6. SCRIPT

  • Script typefaces are based upon the varied and often fluid stroke created by handwriting.

  
• LETTER STYLES

  There are four (4) different types of Lettering, namely:

  1. EXTENDED LETTERS – the letter are wider than the normal

  2. CONDENSED LETTERS – the letter are narrower than the normal

  3. LIGHTFACE – thin stem of lettering

  4. BOLDFACE – thick stem of lettering
• Assembly Drawing


  A drawing that shows how different parts go together
• Compass


  An instrument used when drawing arcs and circles
• Delivery receipt


  A form that shows proof or receipt of goods or services
• Detailed Drawing


  A drawing showing a single part of a machine
• Dimensioning


  The process of placing measurements in a drawing in the Metric or English system
• Divider


  A drawing instrument used when transferring measurements, dividing lines, arcs into the desired number of equal parts
• Drawing


  A picture, diagram made of lines, a graphic representation of the real thing, an idea of a design for production or construction
• Drawing Pencil


  One of the most important tools of a draftsman, used for drawing
• English system


  A system of linear measurement where it is based on standard foot