Unit: 3 Early Childhood

• Sleep disturbances

  • Associated with anxiety, nasal abnormalities, heritable, and
• Night terror abrupt awakening from deep sleep in a state of agitation
• Sleep talking talking while asleep
• Nightmare , a bad dream sometimes brought on by staying up late, eat heavy meals close to bed time and

  ,over excitement
• Enuresis - repeated urination
• By age of 6 the brain attained about 90% of its peak
• Childs grows rapidly at ages 3 to 6 they lose their babyish roundness and take on slender athletic appearance of childhood
• In early childhood, pre operational of piagetian  approach is introduced
• Corpus callosum is a thick band of fibers that connects both hemispheres of the brain to communicate more effectively
• Physical skills involves large muscles is gross motor while small muscles and eye hand coordination is fine motor skill
• Systems of action is increasingly complex combinations of motor skills
• Poor motir coodination is associated with risk of obesity or overweight in children
• Preference for using one hand over the other is handedness
• At this stage of piagetian approach, children is not yet ready to engage in logical mental operations but expands symbolic is called PRE OPERATIONAL
• Use of symbols, understanding of identities, understanding of cause and effect, ability to classify, understanding of number, empathy, theory of mind is the cognitive  advances of early childhood clue: US, UI, UCE, AC, UN, E,TM
• CIFTEAI is the immature aspects of pre operational thought
• Piaget's term for ability to use mental representations is what we called symbolic function
• Also called as imaginative, fantasy, dramatic play is called pretend play
• Transduction is  Piaget's term for mentally link particular phenomena whether or not there is causal relationship
• Decenter is thinking simultaneously about several aspects of situation
• Inability to consider others pov is egocentrism
• Conservation is the awareness that two objects are equal
• Children's understanding that operations can go in two or more directions is irreversibility
• Putting info into filed memory is encoding
• Storage is the retention of info in memory for future use
• Information is accessed or recalled from memory storage is retrieval
• Initial, temporary storage of sensory information is sensory memory
• Short term memory or also called as working memory is the short term storage of info being actively processed
• Long-term memory is the permanent storage of info with unlimited capacity that can hold info for long
• Recognition and recall is the two types of retrieval
• Element of working memory taht controls process of info is called central executive
• Metacognition is the awareness of ones own mental processes
• Executive function is the conscious control of thought emotions and actions to accomplish goals or solve problems
• Generic memory is memory that produces scripts of familiar routine taht guides behavior
• Script is the remembered outline of familiar, repeated event
• Long term memory of specific experiences or events related to time and place is episodic memory
• If episodic occur many times it is transferred into generic memory
• Memory of specific events in ones life or one that has special  meaning to a child is autobiographical memory
• Standford binet intelligence scale is used for ages 2 and up and take 45-60 minutes to finish used to measure fluid reasoning, knowledge,working memory etc
• Wechsler pre  school and primary scale of intelligence revised is used for ages 2 to 4 and 4 to 7 that takes 30 to 60 minutes to finish measures verbal non verbal, vocabulary etc