P3

• What is the definition of a change of state?

  A reversible change of a substance's physical state
• What happens to mass during a change of state?

  Mass is conserved during the change
• What is the process of melting?

  Solid to liquid transition
• What is the process of condensing?

  Gas to liquid transition
• What is the process of sublimation?

  Solid to gas transition
• What is internal energy?

  Energy stored inside a system by particles
• What happens to internal energy when objects are heated?

  Internal energy always increases with heating
• What does specific heat capacity measure?

  Energy required to raise temperature of 1 kg
• What is the specific heat capacity of water?

  4,200 J/kg ⁰C
• What is specific latent heat?

  Energy required to change state without temperature change
• What is specific latent heat of fusion?

  Energy to change solid to liquid
• What is specific latent heat of vaporization?

  Energy to change liquid to gas
• What causes gas pressure?

  Particles colliding with container walls
• How does temperature affect gas pressure?

  Increased temperature raises kinetic energy and pressure
• What are the equations related to density and thermal energy changes?

  • Density: $P =$$\frac{m}{V}$
  • Change in thermal energy: $\Delta E =$$m \times c \times \Delta \theta$
  • Energy for a change of state: $E =$$mL$
• What is the unit for density?

  kg/m³
• What is the unit for mass?

  Kg
• What is the unit for volume?

  m³
• What is the unit for change in thermal energy?

  J
• What is the unit for specific heat capacity?

  J/kg ⁰C
• What is the unit for specific latent heat?

  J/kg
• What is the unit for temperature change?

  ⁰C
• What is the unit for pressure?

  Pa
• What are the properties of solids, liquids, and gases?

  • Solids:
  • Very high density
  • Retains its own shape
  • Fixed volume, not compressible
  • Vibrates about a fixed point
  • Liquids:
  • High density
  • Assumes shape of container
  • Fixed volume, not compressible
  • Moves randomly by sliding past each other
  • Gases:
  • Low density
  • No fixed volume, highly compressible
  • Constant random motion with fast speeds