Micro 4

• Transportation sector


  Rapid development and application of technological innovations enabling tourists to reach many destinations
• Transportation and travel evolution

  1. Pre-Industrial Travel System Era

  2. Early-Industrial Travel System Era

  3. Mature-Railway System Era

  4. Express-Travel System Era

  5. Automobile-Based Travel System Era

  6. Modern-Tourism Travel System Era

  7. Post-Mobility Adjustment Era
• Selection of transportation mode

  • Depends on mode of transport and frequency of use
  • Can turn into separate tourist attraction elements
• Automobile transportation


  • Private cars
  • Vans
  • Buses
• Recreation


  Activity of visiting a place to participate in relaxing or diverting activities from normal routines
• Leisure


  Productive, creative, or contemplative use of free time
• Views of recreation and leisure


  • Public agencies providing parks, playgrounds, etc.
  • Senior centers, sheltered workshops, treatment centers
  • Environmentalists concerned about impact on natural surroundings
• Recreational participation


  • Travel and tourism
  • Cultural entertainment
  • Participation in arts
  • Hobbies
  • Membership in social clubs or interest groups
• Types of attractions


  • Natural attractions
  • Purpose built attractions
  • Heritage attractions
  • Recreation attractions
  • Commercial attractions
  • Industrial attractions
• Challenges faced by recreation and leisure service field


  • Serve diverse society
  • Emphasize key social purposes
  • Achieve fuller public understanding
  • Upgrade programs and facilities
  • Adopt benefits-based management
  • Promote recreation's identity as health-related field
  • Develop partnerships with environmental organizations
  • Expand and improve family-centered programs
  • Promote higher values and ethical practices in youth sports
  • Strive for fuller mainstreaming of persons with disabilities
  • Plan for long-term role of recreation and leisure
  • Develop higher levels of professionalism
• Gaming entertainment


  Subset of gaming industry, refers to casino gaming business and all its aspects
• Games and facilities found inside the casino


  • Table games
  • Card games
  • Slot machines/video games
  • Keno and bingo
  • Race and sports books
  • Casino cage
  • Surveillance
  • Ancillary departments
• Reasons for visiting casinos

  • Lure of gambling
  • Recreation and entertainment
  • Social
  • Economic
  • Curiosity
  • Amenity offerings