Reproduction and development

• REPRODUCTION - enables life to continue as different groups of species generate offspring of the same kind
• WHAT ARE THE 2 TYPES OF REPRODUCTION?

  •SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

  •ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
• In what different ways do animals reproduce?

  •ASEXUAL

  •SEXUAL

  - HERMAPHRODITISM

  - SEPARATE SEXES

  a) EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION

  b) INTERNAL FERTILIZATION
• ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION - no fusion of a sperm and an egg
• SEXUAL REPRODUCTION - fusion of a sperm and an egg forms a zygote
• HERMAPHRODITISM - an individual animal produces both male and female gametes
• SEPARATE SEXES - male produces sperm and female produces eggs
• EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION - an egg encounters sperm outside of the mate reproductive tract
• INTERNAL FERTILIZATION - an egg encounters sperm inside the female reproductive tract
• RUNNERS - horizontal stems that grow below soil surface, while new plants grow at the end or at the nodes
• RHIZOMES - long horizontal stems that grow underground
• TUBERS - underground stems or enlarged fleshy roots containing stored food
• BULBS - short underground vertical shoots that have thickened leaves for food storage
• BUDDING - from the body of he parent, new offspring grows out or splits off
• FISSION - the parent separates into two of more individuals of about equal size
• INTERNAL BUDS - parent releases a specialized mass of cells that may develop into an offspring
• FRAGMENTATION - the body of the parent breaks into several pieces which may develop into adults
• REGENERATION - a detached part of the parent may grow and develop into a new individual
• 4 IMPORTANT PART OF A PLANT

  • LEAF

  • PETAL

  • PISTIL/CARPEL (FEMALE)

  • STAMEN (MALE)
• SEXUAL REPRODUCTION - slow process of producing offspring with the union of two parents, a male and a female
• SEXUAL REPRODUCTION - uses flower, fruit and seed for plants
• SEXUAL REPRODUCTION - uses different gonads and gametes for animals
• FLOWER - reproduction organs of a plant
• MALE PLANT - pollen grains
• FEMALE PLANT - ovules
• GAMETES - sex cells or reproductive cells
• OVULES - megaspores that develop into egg cell
• POLLEN GRAINS - microspores that develop into sperm cells
• STAMEN

  •male flower part

  •consist of pollen sac (another) and a long supporting filament
• ANTHERS/ANTHER - sacs releases pollen on to the outside of the anthers that brush against insects on entering the flower
• PISTIL/CARPEL

  • female flower part

  • consist of stigma, style and ovary
• STIGMA - is covered in a sticky substance that the pollen grains will adhere to
• STYLE - raises the stigma away from the ovary to decrease the likelihood of pollen contamination. It varies in length
• OVARY - protects the ovule and once fertilisation has taken place it will become the fruit
• OVULE - is like the egg in animals and once fertilisation has taken place it will become the seed
• TYPES OF FLOWERS

  • COMPLETE FLOWER

  • INCOMPLETE FLOWER

  • PERFECT FLOWER

  • IMPERFECT FLOWER
• COMPLETE FLOWER - it has all four basic part . Sepal, petal, stamen, and carple/pistil
• INCOMPLETE FLOWER - it lacks some basic part (ex. no stamen or no pistil)
• PERFECT FLOWER - it has both stamen and pistil
• IMPERFECT FLOWER - it has either stamen or pistil