Basic-28&29

• Primary organs of RESPIRATORY SYS.

  • lungs, bronchus, trachea
• LBT=Organs of Respiratory system (cheat)


  Lungs, bronchus, trachea
• Hypoxemia (Low 02)


  Low oxygen in blood
• RESPIRATION Phases


  • inspiration (inhale)
  • expiration (air out of lungs)
• DO NOT SPARK IN ROOM W/OXYGEN
• BAD VENTALATION Risks


  • hypoxia
  • pneumonitis
  • atelectasis
• Nasopharyngeal Suctioning


  Removes accumulated secretions from upper respiratory system
• Tracheostomy


  Surgical incision in TRACHEA to aerate the lungs, remove obstruction, and ease breathing
• COMMON Cause RESPIRATORY INSUFE is airway obstruction
• Function of RESP. SYS.

  Supply oxygen in blood
• Hypoxia Signs/Symptoms


  • Confusion
  • anxiety
  • tachypnea/stridor
  • arrhythmias
  • Cyanosis/retraction (late signs)
• Pulse Oximeter


  Measures O2 Saturation by % of hemoglobin
• Patients at risk for hypoxia need forceful coughing (exhalation) and deep breaths (inhalation) to clear secretions and prevent hypoxia
• Oxygen Administrations


  • Cannula
  • mask
  • tent
  • Croupette catheter
• CONS of O2 MASK

  • Discomfort
  • Tight seal
  • Risk of pressure necrosis
  • Removed to eat, drink, take oral meds
• PRO of O2 Mask

  • Higher O2 delivery than cannula
• SIZING catheter for SUCTION

  Small/thin - 8- to 12-Fr

  Adult/Tenacious - 14- to 16-Fr
• REMOVAL of CHEST-TUBE


  Suture set used to take out suture holding tube in place, occlusive dressing applied
• DIAGNOSIS for RESPIRATORY: ineffective airway clearance related to muscle weakness, impaired cough, low level of consciousness, thick secretions; impaired gas exchange due to retained respiratory secretions, tracheostomy
• Reinflate Lungs /Remove Secretion

  Sustained maximum inspiration (take deep inhale, hold more than 3 seconds, yawn, sigh)
• Patients w/Dyspnea: (Position)


  High Fowler, side lying helps prevent secretions pooling in back of throat
• Frequency of Urination


  • Infants 5-40x/day

  Preschool every 2 hrs

  Adult 5-10x/day

  Adult male 300-500mL every x

  Adult female 250mL
• Factors that Affect Urination

  • Neurologic + muscle development

  Spinal cord integrity

  Volume fluid intake

  Amount of fluid lost

  Amount of antidiuretic hormone released

  Anxiety increasing muscle tension causing frequent urination
• Urine Color /Meaning


  • Shade yellow - normal

  Dark yellow - concentrated

  Smokey red/dark brown - blood/myoglobin

  Dark amber - bilirubin

  Other - medications/dyes in foods
• Cystitis


  Inflammation of bladder
• Symptoms of CYSTITIS


  • Frequency

  Urgency

  Dysuria

  Burning

  Malaise

  Foul smelling urine

  Temp. rise
• Urine Speciemen Collections


  • Voided for urinalysis

  Mid-stream

  Indwelling catheter

  Sterile catheter

  Suprapubic

  Strained specimen
• Fracture Pan


  Smaller surface area/height than regular bedpan, used when cannot use regular bedpan or with musculoskeletal problems
• Foley Catheter


  Most common indwelling catheter, remains in bladder for extended period, 2 lumens (one to drain, one to inflate/deflate balloon)
• Straight Catheter


  Short-term use for procedures, then discarded, no balloon, one time use
• Irrigation/instillation


  Using indwelling catheter to wash out residual urine/sediment from bladder, remove clots, stop oozing of blood after prostate/bladder surgery, ensure open/draining, instill medications into bladder
• Management Treatment of INCONTINENCE


  • Training

  Fast assistance

  Night briefs/pads

  Condom catheters

  Kegel exercises
• anoxia


  without oxygen
• apnea


  cessation of breathing
• atelectasis


  collapsed area of the lung
• Cyanosis


  blue skin
• dyspnea


  difficulty breathing
• endotracheal


  within the trachea
• expectorate


  cough up, spit out
• expiration


  air out of the lungs