Untitled

• Plot


  Chain of events that occur from beginning to end
• Types of Plot

  • Linear plot
  • Episodic plot
  • Flashback plot
  • Parallel plot
• Linear plot


  • Presents action or occurrences chronologically
• Episodic plot


  • Includes various events with various characters, can only be used in a novel, author wishes to show an event, place, time, or idea from many different angles, or when he wants to explore one or more character's personalities
• Flashback plot


  • Action or occurrences inconsequentially (insignificantly) so that the author is able to deliver information about events that occurred earlier, backstory helps the readers get a full understanding of the present events before going to the upcoming events
• Parallel plot


  • Enables an author to combine or weave two or more dramatic plots in a story, in the beginning, these multiple dramatic plots run on their own up to their rising events but then crash together at the climax
• Two Different Kinds of Plots

  • Three Act Structure
  • Freytag Pyramid
• Three Act Structure

  • Setup/Beginning - introduces the protagonist and the dramatic question, or the conflict in the protagonist's life
  • Confrontation/Middle - consists of the main action of the story, various obstacles the protagonist must overcome in order to complete their journey
  • Resolution/Ending - where the dramatic question is answered and the tension of the story slowly subsides
• Freytag Pyramid

  • Exposition - readers are introduced to any relevant information about the main character(s)
  • Rising Action - occurrence of an inciting incident
  • Climax - challenging situations and obstacles that our protagonist overcomes lead up to the climax
  • Falling Action - rapid decline in tension and drama, as we move towards the resolution
  • Resolution - official end to the protagonist's journey, where they have reached their destination by answering the dramatic question and ending the central conflict of the story
• Flashback


  Transition in a story to an earlier time that interrupts the normal chronological order of events
• Foreshadowing


  A literary device in which a writer gives an advance hint of what is to come later in the story
• Levels of Meaning

  • Word level
  • Sentence level
  • Passage level
  • Story/complete text level
• Trope


  Creative use of language mostly found in literature, storytelling convention, device, or motif, specific tropes might be a characteristic of a particular genre of storytelling
• Types of Tropes

  • Similarities
  • Representations
  • Contradictions
• Similarities


  • Figures of speech that gives similarities when you compare things
• Simile


  A comparison that uses connective words such as Like or As
• Metaphor


  Directly compares without the connective words
• Vehicle


  The object that owns the attributed characteristics (objective)
• Tenor


  The subject of comparison to which the characteristics are attributed (subjective)
• Novels


  • Known as the modern version of epic, due to the extensiveness of its exposition, provide a venue for the readers to look at certain situations or ideas, allowing the readers to have an in-depth understanding of the circumstances, swerves away from the heroic focus and aspects of divine intervention as it focuses on stories of ordinary individuals journeying into self discovery or into discovering the realities of the world
• Realism


  • Illustrates how the literature has been constantly intertwined with Philippine History across the Millenia, recurrent theme of independence and self-identity reflects the need of the writers to transform public consciousness and society
• Bangsamoro

  Nation of moros
• Autonomous Region for Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)


  Economic political entity provided by the Philippine government for the Mindanao provinces with significant Islamic population of cultures
• Biggest Problem: they long for inclusive growth & cultural recognition