WHO PHYSICAL EDUCATION

• WHO guidelines


  Provide evidence-based public health recommendations for children, adolescents, adults and older adults on the amount of physical activity (FITT principles) required to offer significant health benefits and mitigate health risks
• Regular physical activity _______ ?
• Exercise and guidelines in accordance with WHO

  • NCDs
  • Mental health
  • Healthy weight
  • Well-being
• Global estimates indicate that 27.5% of adults and 81% of adolescents do not meet the 2010 WHO recommendations for physical activity with almost no improvements seen during the past decade
• Girls and women are less active than boys and men, and that there are significant differences in levels of physical activity between higher and lower economic groups, and between countries and regions
• Age groups


  • Children and adolescents (aged 5–17 years)
  • Adults (aged 18–64 years)
  • Older adults (aged 65 years and older)
• Children and adolescents (aged 5–17 years)

  • Benefits: physical fitness (cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness), cardiometabolic health (blood pressure, dyslipidemia, glucose, and insulin resistance), bone health, cognitive outcomes (academic performance, executive function), mental health (reduced symptoms of depression), reduced adiposity
• Adults (aged 18–64 years)

  • Benefits: cardiovascular disease mortality, incident hypertension, incident site-specific cancers, incident type-2 diabetes, mental health (reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression), cognitive health, and sleep, measures of adiposity may also improve
• Older adults (aged 65 years and older)


  • Benefits: cardiovascular disease mortality, incident hypertension, incident site-specific cancers, incident type-2 diabetes, mental health (reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression), cognitive health, and sleep, measures of adiposity may also improve, prevent falls and falls-related injuries, prevent declines in bone health and functional ability
• Special populations


  • Pregnant and postpartum women
  • Adults and older adults with chronic conditions (aged 18 years and older)
  • Children and adolescents (aged 5–17 years) living with disability
  • Adults (aged 18 years and older) living with disability
• Pregnant and postpartum women

  • Benefits: decreased risk of pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, excessive gestational weight gain, delivery complications and postpartum depression, no adverse effects on birthweight, no increase in risk of stillbirth
• Adults and older adults with chronic conditions (aged 18 years and older)


  • Benefits: for cancer survivors - physical activity improves all-cause mortality, cancer-specific mortality, and risk of cancer recurrence or second primary cancer; for people living with hypertension - physical activity improves cardiovascular disease mortality, disease progression, physical function, health-related quality of life; for people living with type-2 diabetes - physical activity reduces rates of mortality from cardiovascular disease and indicators disease progression; for people living with HIV - physical activity can improve physical fitness and mental health (reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression), and does not adversely affect disease progression (CD4 count and viral load) or body composition
• Children and adolescents (aged 5–17 years) living with disability

  • Benefits: improved cognition in individuals with diseases or disorders that impair cognitive function, including attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); improvements in physical function may occur in children with intellectual disability
• Adults (aged 18 years and older) living with disability

  • Benefits: for adults with multiple sclerosis - improved physical function, and physical, mental, and social domains of health-related quality of life; for individuals with spinal cord injury - improved walking function, muscular strength, and upper extremity function; and enhanced health-related quality of life; for individuals with diseases or disorders that impair cognitive function - improved physical function and cognition (in individuals with Parkinson's disease and those with a history of stroke); beneficial effects on cognition; and may improve quality of life (in adults with schizophrenia); and may improve physical function (in adults with intellectual disability); and improves quality of life (in adults with major clinical depression)