MS SEMI-FINALS

• PVS - maintain function of transportation for proteins, nutrients, and oxygen.
• 3 Types of peripheral vascular system

  • Arterial
  • Venus
  • Lymphatic
• According to sullivan the frame work of PVS is blood vessels
• Tunica intima - aka interna
• Tunica intima - innermost layer of our blood vessels
• Tunica intima layers:

  • Basement membrane
  • Connective tissues
  • Endoothelium (+) in all blood vessels
• Tunica media - outermost layer of our blood vessels, compost of smooth muscles (involuntary), and bulk artery
• Tunica externa - outermost layer of our blood vessels, compost of elastic connective tissues, and bulk veins
• Arterial system

  Artery - always carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
• Arterial system characteristics:

  • Muscular
  • Elastic
  • Tubular extension of the heart
• Arterial system

  Proximal artery - increase pressure (elastic charateristics)
• Arterial system

  Distal artery - decrease pressure (muscular characterisic)
• Venous system

  Veins - always carry deoxygnated blood towards to the heart
• Venous system

  (+) valves - prevent back flow and carries 60-70% of blood volume (called capacitance vessels)
• Superficial vein - found underneath the skin
• 2 great superficial veins in the LE

  • Greater saphenous vein
  • Lesser saphenous vein
• Greater saphenous vein - runs on medial aspect of the leg and thigh to join the femoral vein
• Lesser saphenous vein - run behind lateral malleolus to the posterior leg to join the femoral vein
• Pertorating/communicating vein - connects superficial and deep vein
• Deep vein - large type of veins that already folows the structure (some follows artery)
• Lymph system

  • Carries underline fluid back to the blood stream
  • Found everywhere except (CNS and CORNEA)
• Lymph nodes - quality control/check point and (+) macrophages
• Lymph nodes location

  • Axillary area
  • Inguinal area
  • Cevical area
• Lymphatic conditions

  • Arterial disease
  • Venous disease
  • Lymphatic disease
• Arterial disease

  atherosclerosis obliterans (ASO) - inflammation and occlusion affecting medium to large arteries and more common affected LE>UE
• EARLY SIGNS

  • Presence of intermittent claudication( pain sensation when walking)
• LATE SIGNS

  • Pt will manifest gangrene (cell death, necrosis)
  • (-) DM: abdominal aorta, common iliac, femoral artery
  • (+) DM: femoral artery, popliteal artery, tibial artery
  • Femoral artery - most common
• Thromboangitis obliterans (TAO) - Inflammation and occlusion affecting smller arteries.
• Thromboangitis obliterans (TAO) - most common in UE>LE
• Burger's disease - distal to proximal segment and disease of young male smoker
• Raynaud's disease - (-) inflammation
• Raynaud's disease

  abdominal : vasoconstriction reflex affecting small artery
• Raynaud's disease

  precipitating factors: cold + emotional stress
• Cyclic color patterns: french flag sign

  • Pallor
  • Cyanosis
  • Ruber
• Venous disease

  Varicose vein - distention, swallen superficial veins
• Varicose vein affected:

  • (+) valves; d/t increase pressure
  • Prolonged standing
  • Obesity
  • Women under pregnancy
  • Prolonged cross legs
• Varicose vein S/sx - Aching heaving leg with appearance of spider veins
• Superficial vein thrombosis (SVT)

  Superficial vein thrombophebitis - inflammation, clot formation affecting the superfical vein
• Superficial vein thrombosis (SVT)

  varicosities - Most serious complication
• Virchow's traid: red flag sign

  • Hypercoagulability
  • Intimal wall damage
  • Venous stasis