SWPPS

• Smith 2010


  "Policy is a set of principles or rules that guide decision-making and action within an organization or government, and is designed to achieve specific outcomes or address particular issues"
• Jones (2015)


  policy can be defined as "a deliberate system of principles to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes."
• Johnson 2018


  Policy refers to "a course of action or principle adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or individual"
• Brown & Miller 2017. In the context of organizations, policy is "a set of guidelines and rules established by an entity to govern the actions of its members and achieve predetermined objectives"
• Black (2019)


  policy can be described as "a framework of rules and standards that shape decisions and actions to address specific issues and achieve desired outcomes."
• Individual Policy


  policies based on values and interests personal safety (ex. Always support one’s own community)
• Family Policy


  This level of policy only operates at the family level only. (Ex. Praying before meal, curfew hours, no boyfriend/girlfriend until you finish school)
• SUBSTANTIVE POLICY


  are those that directly address the underlying issues or concerns within a particular area.
• SUBSTANTIVE POLICY 


  These policies focus on the specific regulations, laws, and directives that are designed to bring about desired outcomes or address particular problems within a given domain.
• ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY


  pertain to the rules, guidelines, and procedures that govern the administrative functions and operations within an organization or government.
• ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY


  These policies are concerned with the internal workings of an entity, including aspects such as human resources, finance, procurement, and general administrative processes.
• HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL ENFORCEMENT OF POLICY


  are concepts used to describe different approaches to implementing and ensuring compliance with policies within an organization, government, or society.
• HORIZONTAL ENFORCEMENT OF POLICY


  involves coordination and cooperation between various agencies, departments, or entities at the same level of government or within the same organization to enforce a particular policy.
• HORIZONTAL ENFORCEMENT OF POLICY 


  It emphasizes collaboration, information sharing, and joint efforts among peers and can also refer to coordination between non-governmental entities. This approach is often used to address issues that cut across different sectors and require a multi-stakeholder response.
• VERTICAL ENFORCEMENT OF POLICY


  involves the implementation and oversight of policies from higher levels of authority to lower levels within a hierarchical structure. It emphasizes top-down control, guidance, and oversight of policy implementation. This approach is often used to ensure consistency and compliance with overarching policies and regulations.
• PROACTIVE POLICY

  designed to anticipate and prevent potential issues or challenges before they occur. These policies focus on identifying risks and taking pre-emptive measures to address them, thereby aiming to reduce the likelihood or impact of negative events.
• CURRENT POLICIES 


  are the ones that are currently in place and being enforced. They are designed to govern and regulate various aspects of society, such as economic activities, social welfare, healthcare, education, and environmental protection. These policies are based on the current needs and priorities of the governing body or organization.
• FUTURE POLICIES


  are the ones that are being developed or planned for implementation in the future. They are often formulated to address emerging challenges, changing circumstances, or to achieve long-term goals. Are usually a result of careful analysis, research, and consultation with stakeholders to ensure their effectiveness and feasibility.
• AGENDA SETTING


  helps in determining the underlying concerns.
• SYSTEMIC AGENDA


  include multiple issues worth noticing.
• INSTITUTIONAL AGENDA 


  is developed from the content of the systemic agenda. Policymakers evaluate the core problems and come up with proposed solutions on time.
• DISCRETIONARY AGENDA


  involve addressing concerns highlighted by legislators.
• THE DECISION AGENDA


  is the final list of problems that move to the next phase of the policy-making process.
• POLICY FORMATION 


  In this step, solutions to problems are discussed and shaped. The phase involves detailed negotiation and consultation between parties. Some of the common concerns include financial restraints and personal or political limitations. The process continues after initial legislation is approved.
• POLICY LEGITIMATION 


  refers to administration and legal actions. The policy must be passed through the legislative process. Once done, it can be implemented and recognized as the law of the land. The legitimacy of a policy highly depends on the readiness of people to accept it. It might be possible that the policy is rejected for some valid reason.
• POLICY IMPLEMENTATION 


  The policy is framed into action. There is a shift of responsibility from policymakers to policy executors. A well-written policy with sub-standard execution may end up in failure.
• POLICY EVALUATION 


  Policy makers carry out an in-depth evaluation to figure out whether the policy is moving forward progressively towards the pre-determined goals. The procedure of evaluation takes place either during implementation and once the policy in question has ended.
• POLICY MAINTENANCE, SEQUENCE OR DISSOLUTION


  Once the policy is implemented, certain incidents may occur that result in shifting objectives, values, or primacies. With emerging issues, the policy-making cycle begins once again assisting the administration and successfully addressing important challenges.
• Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)


  are primarily aimed at improving the quality of life for the poor, vulnerable, and disadvantaged.
• POVERTY REDUCTION 


  The DSWD aims to reduce poverty in the country through various programs and initiatives. This includes the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program, also known as the 4Ps, which is a conditional cash transfer program that provides financial aid to the poorest of the poor in the country.
• EMPOWERMENT OF VULNERABLE GROUPS


  The DSWD seeks to empower vulnerable groups, including the elderly, persons with disabilities, women, children, and indigenous peoples, by providing them with access to social services and opportunities for growth and development.
• PROMOTION OF SOCIAL PROTECTION


  The DSWD works to promote social protection by implementing programs that protect individuals and families from the risks and impacts of disasters, crises, and emergencies.
• PROVISION OF ACCESS TO OPPORTUNITIES


  The DSWD aims to provide equal access to opportunities for all, particularly the disadvantaged, through initiatives such as the Sustainable Livelihood Program, which provides access to employment and livelihood opportunities.
• Sustainable Livelihood Program


  provides access to employment and livelihood opportunities.
• PROMOTION OF SOCIAL JUSTICE 


  The DSWD also works to promote social justice and human rights, working towards a fair, just, and peaceful society.
• SOCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS


  The government implements social assistance programs such as the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps), which provides conditional cash transfers to eligible low-income families. These programs aim to alleviate immediate poverty by providing financial support for education, health, and other basic needs.
• LIVELIHOOD AND EMPLOYMENT SUPPORT


  Social welfare initiatives in the Philippines focus on creating sustainable livelihood opportunities for the poor. This includes skills training, entrepreneurship development, and access to credit and capital to help individuals and communities generate income and escape poverty.
• HEALTHCARE AND NUTRITION


  Ensuring access to quality healthcare and nutrition is crucial in poverty reduction. Social welfare programs provide healthcare services, health insurance, and nutrition support to vulnerable groups, particularly children, pregnant women, and the elderly.
• EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT


  Education is seen as a key pathway out of poverty. Social welfare efforts prioritize access to quality education, including scholarships, school feeding programs, and initiatives that address barriers to education for disadvantaged groups.
• SOCIAL ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT


  These initiatives empower communities to engage in income-generating activities while addressing social and environmental challenges.