purcom midterm

• Public speaking


  Communicating information that is purposeful and meant to inform, influence, or entertain a large audience / group of listeners
• Elements of public speaking

  • Who is saying (source of message/sender)
  • What (message)
  • Whom (audience)
  • What medium (actual delivery method)
  • What effect (speakers intent)
• Types of speech delivery

  • Impromptu Speech
  • Manuscript Speech
  • Memorize Speech
  • Extemporaneous Speech
  • Impassioned Speech
  • Informative Speech
  • Persuasive Speech
• Impromptu Speech


  • Spontaneous - delivered w/o prior preparation, only rely to the speaker's ability to think on the spot
  • Quick Thinking - requires to articulate thoughts clearly and logically in a short space of time
  • Flexibility - to respond swiftly to unexpected topic/situations, showcasing adaptability
• Manuscript Speech


  • Scripted - reading from a prepared document, ensuring precise delivery of the content
  • Accuracy - conveys the exact message as intended w/o any deviation/omission
  • Complex content - well-suited for communication, detailed or technical information accurately to the audience
• Memorize Speech


  • Rehearsed Perfection - practiced, where every word, expression, and pause are meticulously controlled
  • Focused Delivery - maintain continuous eye contact, enhancing engagement and connection
• Extemporaneous Speech


  • Structured Spontaneity - delivered using notes/speaking points, providing flexibility to maintain organization
  • Adaptability - combination of prepared and impromptu speech, allowing for adjustments based on audience response
• Impassioned Speech


  • Emotional Delivery - emotional intensity, conveying personal convictions, empathy, and sincerity
  • Inspiring Effect - evoke strong emotions, motivate action, and deeply resonate with audience, leaving a lasting impact
• Informative Speech


  • In-Depth Content - detailed, factual information, aiming to educate and enhance audience understanding
  • Engaging Presentation - use of visuals, storytelling, and examples to present complex information
• Persuasive Speech


  • Argument Establishment - skillfully make a case, present evidence, and build a compelling argument to influence the audience's viewpoints
  • Emotional Appeal - personal anecdotes, and impactful language to create empathy and persuade listeners
  • Call to Action - motivating the audience to adopt the speaker's viewpoint or take specific steps
• Critical reading


  Process of reading that goes beyond just understanding a text
• Critical reading


  • Analyzation, good judgement
  • Not necessary to read fast as it might lead to false conclusion
  • Identifying reading's strengths and implications
  • Think outside the box
• Socratic method


  Continual probing questions of the teacher
• Different kinds of reading

  • Scanning - glancing thru a page to locate a specific information
  • Skimming - general information
  • Idea Reading - central/main idea
  • Study Reading - SQ3R reading formula
• Skimming


  • Very effective as prelim step to reading a selection more thoroughly
  • Overview of the material / synopsis
• Study Reading - SQ3R


  • Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review
  • Maximum understanding of main ideas and their relationship
  • Used in science, math, and social studies
• Levels of reading comprehension skills


  • Reading the lines (Literal or Factual Comprehension)
  • Reading between the lines (Implicit or Interpretative Comprehension)
  • Reading beyond the lines (Critical Comprehension)
  • Reading beyond the lines (Creative Level Comprehension)
• Reading the lines (Literal or Factual Comprehension)


  • Stated facts/detailed info
  • Identifying quotations, punctuations, and characters
  • Answers are literally in the story
• Reading between the lines (Implicit or Interpretative Comprehension)


  • Making inference, generalizations, conclusions, cause and effects, comparison and contrast
• Reading beyond the lines (Critical Comprehension)


  • Evaluating accuracy, truthfulness, authenticity, and relevancy of the information
  • Author's purpose, mood and tone
• Reading beyond the lines (Creative Level Comprehension)


  • Personal response
  • Creating something new
• Hearing


  Ability to perceive sounds, by receiving vibrations thru ears
• Listening


  Done consciously, analysis and understanding of the sounds u hear
• "It is not the hearing that improves life, but the listening" – Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
• Flow of Listening


  • Listen
  • Understand
  • Feedback
• Listening strategies


  • Topic, type of listening materials, and purpose of listening
  • Purpose, familiarity w/ the topic, and levels of difficulty
  • Top-Down and Bottom-Up
• Top Down Listening Strategies


  • Background Knowledge
  • Prior knowledge (schema)
  • Situation context
  • Type of text
  • Language
  • Main idea
  • Making predictions
  • Drawing inferences
  • Summarizing
  • Taking down notes
• Bottom Up Listening Strategies


  • No prior knowledge
  • Relies on the language (sounds, words, and message) that creates a meaning
  • Depends on words and sounds that makes sense
  • Specific details
  • Recognizing word order patterns, cognates and word sounds
• Types of Listening


  • Discriminative Listening
  • Comprehensive Listening
  • Critical Listening
  • Informational Listening
  • Therapeutic/Empathic Listening
• Discriminative Listening


  Most basic listening because it does not involve understanding
• Comprehensive Listening


  Understanding the messages
• Critical Listening


  Engaging in what you are listening to
• Informational Listening


  To learn/to be instructed, not criticizing or analyzing
• Therapeutic/Empathic Listening


  Attempting to understand the feelings or emotions
• Empathy


  Deeply connecting with a person
• frederick taylor - father of management


  they do it in the best and cheapest way