INDG 1220 U7

• Section 31 of the Manitoba Act


  Provision of the Manitoba Act of 1870 that guarantees land grants to Métis and non-Indigenous children of mixed marriages in Manitoba
• Section 32 of the Manitoba Act


  Provision of the Manitoba Act of 1870 that safeguards existing Indigenous land rights in Manitoba, including land reserves and protections for Métis land claims
• "Logic of elimination"

  Concept describing the systematic processes and policies employed by colonial powers to dispossess Indigenous peoples of their lands, cultures, and sovereignty
• Métis

  Indigenous peoples of mixed Indigenous and European ancestry, with distinct cultural, linguistic, and historical identities, particularly prominent in Canada
• Powley test

  Legal framework established by the Supreme Court of Canada in the Powley case, used to determine Métis rights and identity based on specific criteria such as self-identification, community acceptance, and ancestral connections
• Capote

  Traditional Métis coat made from Hudson's Bay Company blankets, often adorned with distinctive patterns and worn as a symbol of Métis identity
• Métis flag


  Flag representing the Métis Nation, featuring the Métis infinity symbol and red, blue, and white colors symbolizing the Métis people's mixed Indigenous and European heritage
• Annie Bannatyne was a Métis woman and daughter of prominent fur trader Andrew Bannatyne, who was an active participant in Métis and Red River Settlement community affairs in the 19th century in order to advocate for Métis rights, cultural preservation, and community well-being in the Red River Settlement (present-day Winnipeg), Manitoba, Canada
• Dorothy Chartrand was a Métis activist and community leader who advocated for Métis rights and recognition, particularly in Manitoba, in the 20th century to challenge discrimination and promote Métis culture, language, and sovereignty
• Victoria Calihoo was a Métis woman and community leader who advocated for Métis rights and recognition, particularly in Alberta, in the late 19th to early 20th century to defend Métis land rights, resist colonial encroachment, and assert Indigenous sovereignty
• Louis Riel was a Métis political leader and founder of the Métis provisional government, who led Métis resistance movements, including the Red River Rebellion and North-West Rebellion, in the 19th century to defend Métis land rights, cultural autonomy, and political sovereignty against Canadian government encroachment in the Red River Settlement (Manitoba) and Saskatchewan, Canada
• The Victory of Frog Plain (Battle of Seven Oaks) was a conflict between Métis and Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) forces over control of the fur trade in the Red River Settlement in 1816, where the Métis and HBC employees asserted Métis economic and political power in the face of HBC dominance in the Frog Plain (present-day Winnipeg, Manitoba), Canada
• The decline of the buffalo (bison) population due to overhunting, habitat loss, and government policies led to severe consequences for Plains Indigenous peoples, including loss of food, culture, and traditional ways of life
• "Forcefield of settler colonialism"

  A metaphor describing the complex and pervasive systems of power, domination, and control exerted by settler colonial societies over Indigenous peoples and lands, perpetuating colonialism's impacts and legacies
• Historiographical bias and patriarchal narratives have often marginalized or omitted the experiences, contributions, and perspectives of Indigenous women from historical accounts, leading to incomplete and distorted understandings of Indigenous history
• Indigenous women played crucial roles at fur trade forts as traders, interpreters, caregivers, and cultural mediators, contributing to economic activities, intercultural relations, and community cohesion
• Describing Métis identity solely as "mixed" overlooks the distinct historical, cultural, and political identities and experiences of the Métis Nation, which emerged from specific Indigenous-European interactions and contexts, rather than simply being a product of mixing