CELL CYCLE + MITOSIS

• Cell Reproduction


  It is a fundamental process to create life, occurring in all forms of it, ensuring the perpetuity of their existence, as well as growth, tissue replacement, and reproduction in multicellular organisms
• Cell Reproduction


  It is known as cell reproduction or cell division
• Cell Reproduction


  is the stage in the cell cycle where each cell divides to form two daughter cells.
• Cell Reproduction

  There are three biological mechanisms of cell reproduction: binary fission, meiosis, and mitosis.
• Cell reproduction


  Main stages of cell cycle involves interphase (gap 1, synthesis, gap 2) and cell division (karyokinesis and cytokinesis)
• Cell reproduction


  Cells follow definite stages of growth, duplication, and division known collectively as cell cycle.
• Stages of Cell Cycle

  Interphase
• Interphase


  the growth period in the cell cycle and is mainly divided into three parts
• Gap 1 (G1) Stage


  The first part of the cell cycle wherein the cell carries out its normal metabolic functions.
• Gap 1 (G1) Stage


  During this phase, cells also increase in size and organelles number
• Gap 1 (G1) Stage


  Cells spend most of their life cycle in this phase (longest stage of interphase).
• Gap 1 (G1) Stage- During this phase, cells also increase in size and organelles number in preparation for cell division
• Synthesis (S) Stage


  The second part of the cell cycle pertaining to the time that the cell makes a copy of the genetic material (DNA)
• Gap 2 (G2) Stage

  Cells continue to carry out their normal functions and also undergo further growth.
• Gap 2 (G2) Stage


  This stage also contains a critical checkpoint before transitioning to the next stage, ensuring that everything is in order.
• Mitosis


  It occurs in body cells, except for sex cells (sperm and egg cells)
• Mitosis


  It is the division of nucleus into two genetically identical nuclei containing the same full set of DNA.
• Mitosis 


  is divided into four main phases such as the prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase
• Prophase

  chromatin condenses to form chromosomes
• Prophase

  individual chromosomes begin to be visible as threadlike structures
• Prophase

  nuclear envelope breaks down
• Metaphase

  spindle fibers attached to the kinetochore of the sister chromatids facilitates the movement of chromosomes toward the middle of the cell
• Metaphase

  chromosomes line up towards a plane called the metaphase plate
• Anaphase

  spindle fibers begin to shorten to pull the sister chromatids away from each other toward the opposite ends of the cell
• Telophase

  the two complete sets of identical chromosomes are now positioned at each pole of the cell
• Telophase


  reverse of the major events in prophase occurs
• Telophase

  chromosomes begin to uncoil or become less condensed
• Telophase


  microtubules and spindle fibers disintegrate • nuclear membrane starts to form
• Cytokinesis


  It involves splitting the cytoplasm into two cells.
• Cytokinesis


  It starts with the formation of a cleavage furrow pulled away by microfilaments
• Cytokinesis

  the daughter cells receive equal portions of the parent cell’s plasma content
• Cytokinesis


  cytoplasm is equally divided between daughter cells