topic 7

• politics - activities which people make, preserve, and amend general rules
• power - desired outcome
• authority - legitimate power
• political organizations - systems that function to manage public affairs, maintain social order, resolve conflict, and also it is diverse
• common law - based on court decisions
• precedent - legal opinions, become a part of common law
• statutory law - written by legislative branch, laws we encounter in our daily lives
• administrative - written by execeutive branch
• sanction - punishment
• disputes - individuals among nations
• band - nomadic, connected by family ties, politically independent
• tribes - blood ties, common culture, language

  
  

  it has the following;

  * shared ancestry and kinship

  * shared culture and traditions

  * shared territory & resource base

  * political and organization
• examples of tribes

  • igorots & lumads
  • massai (east african)
  • huli (papua new guinea)
• chiefdoms - centralized leadership headed by chief / council of chiefs, exhibit social stratification
• examples of of chiefdoms

  • maranao sultanate & t'boli (mindanao)
  • maori (new zealand)
  • akan people (ghana & ivory coast)
• chiefdoms|

  • power & authority based on kinship
  • redistribution systems
  • manna, supernatural power that gives them the right to rule
• nation

  • large group of people, share collective identity
  • shared history & culture
  • language
  • ethnicity & ancestry
  • territory
  • two aspects; cultural & political
• state

  • political unit, bureaucracy, leaders have legitimate powers
  • centralized political organization
  • sovereignity
  • population
  • territory
  • government
• type of states

  • unitary - central government
  • federal - power divided between central & regional authorities
  • confiderations of independent states
  • legitimacy
  • challenges to statehood
  • evolution of the state
• legitimacy - "legitimate" means lawful, defined as rightfulness
• Max Weber - bases legitimacy of rule vary in different types of societies
• traditional authority - "always existed"
• charisma - qualities possessed by an individual, born heroes/leaders
• rational-legal - written rules & laws, leaders get authority once position is obtained

  • most typical
  • highest degree of stability
• Weber referred 3 types of authority as "deal or pure types"
• forms of legitimate government

  • communism (marxism)
  • constitutional (law is supreme over private will)
  • democracy (elected government is accountable to people)
  • fascism (dictator)
  • monarchy (monarch)