skeletal system

Cards (25)

  • Cardiovascular system
    Composed of 206 bones, along with cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, that make up the framework or skeleton of the body
  • Parts of the skeleton
    • Axial skeleton (80 bones)
    • Appendicular skeleton (126 bones)
  • Axial skeleton

    Consists of the skull, spine, ribs and sternum (thorax)
  • Appendicular skeleton

    Consists of the shoulder or pectoral girdle, arms, hands, pelvic girdle, legs, and feet
  • Bones are composed of about 50% water and 50% a solid, calcified, rigid substance known as osseous (AH see us) tissue
  • Functions of bones
    • Provide shape, support, and the framework of the body
    • Protect internal organs
    • Serve as a storage place for minerals such as salts, calcium, and phosphorus
    • Play an important role in hematopoiesis (the formation of blood cells that takes place in bone marrow)
    • Provide a place to attach muscles
    • Make movement possible through articulation (manner in which the parts come together at a joint)
  • Classifications of bones by shape
    • Long bones
    • Short bones
    • Flat bones
    • Irregular bones
  • Long bones
    Include the femur (thigh), tibia (larger shin), fibula (smaller shin bone), humerus (upper arm), radius (larger forearm), and ulna (smaller forearm)
  • Short bones
    Include the carpals of the wrist and tarsals of the ankle
  • Flat bones
    Include the skull, sternum (breastbone), and scapula (shoulder bone)
  • Irregular bones

    Include the vertebrae (spine), and pelvic
  • Parts of a long bone
    • Epiphysis (growing end)
    • Diaphysis (shaft)
    • Periosteum (outside covering)
    • Medullary (inner space containing bone marrow)
    • Endosteum (lining of medullary cavity)
  • Joint
    A place where two or more bones connect
  • Types of joints
    • Synarthrosis (allows no movement, e.g. cranial suture)
    • Amphiarthrosis (allows slight movement, e.g. vertebra)
    • Diarthrosis (allows free movement in a variety of directions, e.g. knee, hip, elbow, wrist, and foot)
  • Types of joint movements
    • Flexion (bending a limb)
    • Extension (straightening a flexed limb)
    • Abduction (moving a body part away from the middle)
    • Adduction (moving a body part toward the middle)
    • Circumduction (moving a body part in a circular motion)
    • Supination (lying supine or turning the palm or foot upward)
    • Pronation (lying prone or turning the palm downward)
    • Dorsiflexion (bending a body part backwards)
    • Protraction (moving a body forward)
    • Retraction (moving a body part backward)
    • Rotation (moving a body part around a central axis)
    • Inversion (turning inward)
    • Eversion (turning outward)
  • Body positions
    • Lateral recumbent (lying on your left or right side)
    • Fowler's position (sitting straight up or reclining slightly; legs straight or bent)
    • Trendelenburg position (lying supine with head lower than feet)
  • Vertebral column
    Composed of separate bones called vertebrae, connected to form four spinal curves
  • Spinal curves
    • Cervical curve (first 7 vertebrae)
    • Thoracic curve (next 12 vertebrae)
    • Lumbar curve (5 vertebrae)
    • Sacral curve (sacrum and coccyx)
  • Pelvis
    The lower portion of the trunk of the body, formed by the hip bones, sacrum, and coccyx
  • Hip bones
    • Ilium
    • Pubis
    • Ischium
  • Male pelvis

    Shaped like a funnel, heavier and stronger than the female pelvis
  • Female pelvis

    Oval to round, wider than the male pelvis
  • Osteoporosis
    Age-related loss of bone mass or density
  • Bone remodeling
    1. Broken down by osteoclasts in a process called resorption
    2. Formed again by osteoblasts
  • Bone formation and healing slow down as part of the aging process